{"id":217,"date":"2025-08-04T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=217"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:29:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:29:33","slug":"mishna-berajot-1-1-shema-nocturno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/mishna-berajot-1-1-shema-nocturno\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #003 VIDEO \/ Berachot 1.1 \/ What is the Shema night protects you from the evil forces?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Study of the Mishnah Berachot 1:1<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Text-base<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cSince when reciting the Shema in the evening? From the time that the priests enter to eat their <em>terum\u00e1<\/em>until the end of the first watch. These are the words of Rabbi Eliezer.<br>The Sages say: Until midnight.<br>Rabban Gamliel says: Until dawn...\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>I. general Context of the Treaty Berachot<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The treaty <strong>Berachot<\/strong> (\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b8\u05db\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea, \u201cBlessings\u201d) opens the Mishnah, the first treaty of <em>Seder Zeraim<\/em>dedicated mainly to the agricultural laws. However, Berachot is not about agriculture, but <strong>prayers and blessings<\/strong>starting with the <em>Shema Yisrael<\/em>, the statement of the central jewish faith (Deuteronomy 6:4-9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fact that the Mishnah begins with this treaty reflects that the <strong>spiritual life<\/strong> and the <strong>awareness of God<\/strong> are the starting point of all jewish life. The <em>Shema<\/em> it is a profession of monotheism, and commitment, and his recitation twice a day \u2014\u201cwhen you lie down and when you rise\u201d (<em>beshokhbekha uvekumeja<\/em>)\u2014 it is a mitzvah from the bible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #003 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"EFfKbRAW7D4\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Shema night protects from the evil forces?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EFfKbRAW7D4?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>II. Central theme: the time of the Shema of the night<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The passage discussed <strong>from when and until when<\/strong> you can recite the <em>Shema<\/em> night, interpreting the verse from Deuteronomy 6:7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAnd the recitar\u00e1s... when thou liest down and when thou risest up\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The question of the Mishnah, <em>\u201cSince when?\u201d<\/em> (<em>Me eimatay<\/em>), implies that <strong>the obligation is already known<\/strong>; what is debated is the <strong>right time<\/strong> that is to fulfill the mitzvah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #003 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"8ICggfb2y7Y\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does the night Shema protect us from evil forces?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8ICggfb2y7Y?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>III. First opinion: Rabbi Eliezer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Time frame<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cFrom the time that the priests enter to eat their <em>terum\u00e1<\/em> until the end of the first watch.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reference to the priesthood:<\/strong> The <em>kohanim<\/em> (priests) could eat the <em>terum\u00e1<\/em> (sacred part of the offerings) only after having purified your state of ritual impurity by means of the immersion and fall of the sun (Leviticus 22:6-7).<br>\u2192 Therefore, <strong>the start of the Shema night coincides with the appearance of the stars<\/strong> (<em>tzeit hakojavim<\/em>), the true start halachic of the night.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Until the end of the first watch:<\/strong> The night, in ancient times, it was divided into three watches (<em>ashmur\u00f3t<\/em>). The first vigil ends approximately one-third of the night after sunset (about 4 hours hal\u00e1jicas).<br>\u2192 Rabbi Eliezer, then, <strong>limits the Shema in the early hours of the night<\/strong>when people usually lie down (<em>beshokhbekha<\/em> understood literally).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Foundation concept<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabbi Eliezer associates the commandment with <strong>human behavior average<\/strong>: \u201cwhen the people lie down\u201d. To read it is <strong>context and literalist<\/strong>: the mitzvah applies while the act of lying down is in progress, not all night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IV. Second opinion: The Wise men (Jajamim)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe Sages say: Until midnight.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a <strong>intermediate position<\/strong>, which seeks to balance the letter of the Torah with the practice and the prevention of neglect (<em>gezer\u00e1<\/em> rabbinic).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reasoning:<\/strong><br>Although technically the night extends until dawn, the Wise limited time <strong>caution<\/strong>, \u201cto zoom out to the man of the transgression.\u201d<br>\u2192 If someone knows that he has until dawn, you can procrastinate it and forget it; set midnight as a boundary generates discipline.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nature of his decree:<\/strong><br>Is <strong>a close (siyag)<\/strong> rabbinic, not an interpretation of the text, but a practical protection around the law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V. Third opinion: Rabban Gamliel<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cRabban Gamliel says: Until the dawn.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Broad interpretation of <em>beshokhbekha<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To Rabban Gamliel, \u201cwhen thou liest down\u201d covers <strong>the duration of nighttime sleep<\/strong>, that is to say, the whole of the period in which people sleep, until the dawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Practical example<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The story of their children returning late from a wedding show that <strong>the practical halachic was your opinion<\/strong>: if you still has not dawned, they may recite the Shema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Argument from analogy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabban Gamliel extends his reasoning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>fat and members<\/strong> the altar could burn <em>all night<\/em> (Leviticus 6:2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>offerings edible<\/strong> you could eat until dawn, but the Wise established midnight as a limit (Leviticus 7:15).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Its principle is general:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAll that the Wise men said, \u2018until midnight\u2019 can be fulfilled until the dawn.\u201d<br>But added to that limit <strong>just to avoid negligence<\/strong> (<em>shelo yitroshal<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>VI. Dimension halachic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Practical decision<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Talmud (Berachot 2a\u20139a)<\/strong> analyze these opinions and concludes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The law continues to Rabban Gamliel:<\/strong> you can recite the Shema <strong>until dawn<\/strong>,<br>but <strong>it is recommended to do it before midnight<\/strong>according to the caution of the Wise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Current application<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Start time:<\/em> Since the appearance of three medium sized stars (<em>tzeit hakojavim<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>End time:<\/em> Until dawn (<em>amud hashajar<\/em>), although ideally before midnight<em>chatzot<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>VII. Dimension symbolic and spiritual<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. The Shema as a statement of unity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The night represents darkness and concealment; to recite the Shema at dusk symbolizes <strong>affirm divine unity even in the moments of confusion and shadow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. The three opinions as visions spiritual<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rabbi Eliezer:<\/strong> represents the rigor, the discipline, the early action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Wise Men:<\/strong> the balance between letter and spirit, between ideal and practice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rabban Gamliel:<\/strong> the amplitude and the mercy, which extends the time until the sunrise, reflecting divine patience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Pedagogical dimension<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mishnah teaches that <strong>all the mitzvot have an optimal time<\/strong> (<em>zrizim makdimim lemitzvot<\/em> \u2013 \u201cthe diligent are ahead of the mitzvot\u201d) but also a <strong>flexibility halachic<\/strong> that allows for the enforcement while the bible time permits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>VIII. Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Berachot 1:1 is not only a technical discussion on schedules, but a <strong>lesson on the relationship between the law, the discipline and devotion<\/strong>.<br>Each position expresses a pedagogy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rabbi Eliezer: <em>do it early, with diligence.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Wise Men: <em>to comply with the order and limits.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rabban Gamliel: <em>God grants time, but do not abuse your patience.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Together, the Mishnah teaches that the <em>Shema<\/em> night symbolizes <strong>the God-consciousness, which must accompany the man even on his break<\/strong>, and that the time of the night with its silence and darkness\u2014 is also <strong>an opportune time to reaffirm the faith and the divine oneness<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mishnah Berachot 1:1: time and meaning of the Shema night<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[58,59,64,60,63,62],"class_list":{"0":"post-217","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-58","10":"tag-003-2","11":"tag-clase003","12":"tag-clase3","13":"tag-shema","14":"tag-video003"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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