{"id":221,"date":"2025-08-11T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=221"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:29:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:29:49","slug":"mishna-berajot-1-2-shema-manana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/mishna-berajot-1-2-shema-manana\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #004 VIDEO \/ Berachot 1.2 \/ The Shema morning and the thread of sky that connects Heaven with Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Base text (Berachot 1:2)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Since when reciting the Shema in the morning?<\/strong><br>Since a person can distinguish between the blue sky (<em>tekhelet<\/em>) and white.<br><strong>Rabbi Eliezer says:<\/strong> from that one can distinguish between the <em>tekhelet<\/em> and the green of the leeks.<br>And one must finish reciting the <em>Shema<\/em> until the end of the period \u201cin which you wake up\u201d, that is to say, until the dawn, when the sun starts to shine.<br><strong>Rabbi Yehoshua says:<\/strong> one may recite the <em>Shema<\/em> in the morning until three hours a day, that is still considered a time to get up, because the kings are usually wake up at that time.<br>Whoever recites it after not lost at all, because, although it does not fulfill the mitzvah in its time, it is considered as one who studies the Torah and receives a reward.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. general Context of the Mishnah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mishnah Berachot 1:2 continues the discussion of the first mishnah (on the <em>Shema<\/em> night) and defines the <strong>a temporal framework for the recitation of the <em>Shema<\/em> morning<\/strong>that is part of the <strong>mitzvot daily<\/strong> established in <em>Devarim \/ Deuteronomy 6:7<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201c...when thou liest down and when thou risest up\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The aim of the Wise is to determine <strong>when it starts, and when does it end<\/strong> this period of \u201cget up\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #004 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"h5LfjgZh6Ik\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Shema morning and the thread of sky that connects Heaven with Earth\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h5LfjgZh6Ik?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. Debate halachic: start and end time of the Shema<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. Start time (<em>zman kriat Shema shel shacharit<\/em>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Opinion of the Sages (anonymous):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cFrom that we can distinguish between <em>tekhelet<\/em> and white.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This describes <strong>the beginning of the dawn of civil<\/strong>when there is enough natural light to differentiate contrasting colors. In astronomical terms, is equivalent to approximately <strong>alot hashajar<\/strong>, a <strong>72 minutes before sunrise solar<\/strong> according to the calculation rabbinical traditional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The opinion of Rabbi Eliezer:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cFrom that we can distinguish between <em>tekhelet<\/em> and the green leek.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Here the criterion is more subtle: both colors are similar, therefore the time is <strong>a little later<\/strong>when there is more light. This suggests that Rabbi Eliezer interpreted the start of the Shema <strong>after the first glow of dawn<\/strong>perhaps a few <strong>10-15 minutes after the <em>alot hashajar<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #004 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"S147WYcTmI8\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Morning Shema and the Heavenly Thread that Unites Heaven and Earth\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S147WYcTmI8?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. End of time (<em>sof zman kriat Shema<\/em>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. The opinion of Rabbi Eliezer:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Until dawn, \u201cwhen the sun starts to shine\u201d.<br>\u2192 Performs \u201cwhen you wake up\u201d in a literal way, by linking the recitation with the time that people begin to wake up from the dream, that is to say, <strong>before sunrise (<em>netz hajam\u00e1<\/em>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Until <strong>three hours after the departure of the sun<\/strong>as \u201cthe kings were up late.\u201d<br>\u2192 Extends the margin, by interpreting \u201cget up\u201d includes all of the period in which part of the population still waking up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Conclusion halachic (according to the Talmud, Berachot 9b\u201310a and Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 58):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>The halachah follows Rebbi Yehoshua.<\/strong><br>You can recite the <em>Shema<\/em> up to three hours after the <em>netz hajam\u00e1<\/em>.<br>However, <strong>the ideal<\/strong> (<em>lejatjil\u00e1<\/em>) is recited before the departure of the sun, as did the <em>vatikin<\/em>, the pious that syncing the Shema with the dawn and the Amid\u00e1 immediately after.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. Symbolism of colors: <em>Tekhelet<\/em>, white and green<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sages did not choose the colors at random. In the rabbinic literature, the <em>tekhelet<\/em> it has a symbolic load deep:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Color<\/th><th>Symbolism<\/th><th>Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tekhelet (blue)<\/strong><\/td><td>It represents the sky, the divine, the transcendent. Is associated with the Tzitzit (Numbers 15:38).<\/td><td>Menajot 43b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>White<\/strong><\/td><td>Purity, clarity, divine mercy.<\/td><td>Isaiah 1:18<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Green leek (yarok karkom)<\/strong><\/td><td>Intermediate Color between plant life (earth), and the blue of the sky; it represents the earthly plane and vital.<\/td><td>Me am Lo \" ez, Berachot<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The contrast <em>tekhelet\u2013white<\/em> refers to the <strong>recognition of the difference between the spiritual and the physical<\/strong>, while <em>tekhelet\u2013green<\/em> emphasizes the <strong>ability to discern between the divine and the natural<\/strong>.<br>For this reason, the Mishnah associated with the start of the Shema with <strong>the first time of the day that the soul \u201cis\u201d the light of the dark<\/strong>both literally and spiritually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. Dimension halachic and practical<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Time<\/th><th>Definition<\/th><th>Modern approach (according to calculation rabbinical)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Alot Hashajar<\/strong><\/td><td>First lights of dawn<\/td><td>72 minutes before the <em>netz hajam\u00e1<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kriat Shema \u2013 minimum boot<\/strong><\/td><td>When distinguished <em>tekhelet\u2013white<\/em><\/td><td>\u2248 50-60 min before the <em>netz<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vatikin (ideal)<\/strong><\/td><td>Shema just before dawn, Amid\u00e1 the <em>netz hajam\u00e1<\/em><\/td><td>Exact at dawn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>End of time<\/strong><\/td><td>3 hours after sunrise<\/td><td>Variable according to season and latitude<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 58:1-6) encodes as well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe one who recites the Shema before sunrise does not meet, and who does it after three hours, he loses the mitzvah, even though it is considered that he studied Torah.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V. spiritual and existential<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Wise see in this Mishnah a parallel between the <strong>transition from darkness to light<\/strong> and the <strong>spiritual awakening of man<\/strong>.<br>The <em>Shema<\/em> morning is not just a recitation of faith, but the <strong>act of recognizing the divine sovereignty in the moment that the light overcomes darkness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai (Zohar, I, 121b) explains:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe one who recites the <em>Shema<\/em> in the instant that the darkness is dispelled, the proclamation of divine Unity of the universe that is reborn.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, to distinguish the colors symbolizes the passage of the <strong>veil of confusion<\/strong> towards the <strong>clarity of understanding<\/strong>when the soul is ready to serve the Creator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VI. Read compared: Rabbi Eliezer vs. Rabbi Yehoshua<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Appearance<\/th><th>Rabbi Eliezer<\/th><th>Rabbi Yehoshua<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Time of the pious man<\/strong><\/td><td>Strict: early, before the sun.<\/td><td>Flexible: within 3 hours.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vision of awakening<\/strong><\/td><td>Spiritual awakening immediately, before the physical.<\/td><td>The human awakening social, where the majority stands.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Central metaphor<\/strong><\/td><td>Absolute fidelity, accuracy ritual.<\/td><td>Human understanding, breadth community.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Message<\/strong><\/td><td>Faith requires discipline.<\/td><td>Faith also recognizes the human condition.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VII. Reward following the period<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cHe who recites after loses nothing: but not to fulfill the mitzvah, it is considered as one who studies the Torah.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This seal shows a <strong>balanced view<\/strong> rabbinical judaism:<br>Enforcement has its time, but <strong>the intention and the act of learning<\/strong> continue to have spiritual value, even outside the legal framework.<br>The Mishnah teaches so <strong>the connection with the Torah will never be lost<\/strong>even if the technical compliance failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VIII. General conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mishnah Berachot 1:2 synthesizes three levels of interpretation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Halachic:<\/strong> clearly delimits the time of the <em>Shema<\/em> morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symbolic:<\/strong> the light and the color represent the spiritual awakening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Existential:<\/strong> teaches that each day should begin with an act of awareness and recognition of One.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cFrom that one can distinguish between the blue and the white\u201d \u2014 from the soul you can distinguish between the divine and the earthly \u2014 it actually begins the day.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mishnah Berachot 1:2: when reciting the Shema in the morning<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[66,65,70,69,63,68,67],"class_list":{"0":"post-221","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-004-2","10":"tag-65","11":"tag-clase004","12":"tag-clase4","13":"tag-shema","14":"tag-video004","15":"tag-video4"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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