{"id":240,"date":"2025-09-03T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=240"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:31:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:31:11","slug":"mishna-berajot-2-3-shema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/mishna-berajot-2-3-shema\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #010 VIDEO \/ Berachot 2.3 \/ The Shema is a 911 call, but how do the deaf met?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Base text (Berachot 2:3)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Whoever recites the <em>Shema<\/em> and does not audible to himself \u2014either because they read in silence, or because he is deaf to comply with its obligation.<br><strong>Rabbi Yosei says:<\/strong> Does not comply with its obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whoever recites the <em>Shema<\/em> and it is not accurate enough in the enunciation of the lyrics, <strong>Rabbi Yosei says:<\/strong> He fulfilled his obligation.<br><strong>Rabbi Yehuda says:<\/strong> Does not comply with its obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whoever recites the <em>Shema<\/em> out of order, that is to say, it does not read the verses sequentially, does not comply with its obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One who recites and you make a mistake, you must return to the place of the <em>Shema<\/em> where is wrong.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. general Context of the Mishnah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The treaty <strong>Berachot<\/strong>as we mentioned before, it is about the laws relating to the <strong>blessings and prayers<\/strong>.<br>In chapter 2, the mishnayot examine the <strong>formal conditions and spiritual<\/strong> necessary for the recitation of the <em>Shema<\/em> is valid (<em>yetziah yedei jovat\u00f3<\/em> \u2014 having complied with the requirement).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This Mishnah is focused on <strong>how should be recited<\/strong>, not <strong>when<\/strong> or <strong>why<\/strong>introducing a analysis between <strong>intent interior (kavan\u00e1)<\/strong> and <strong>outward expression (dibur)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #010 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"aAqNGTQB1Kw\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishna Berajot 2.3: El Shem\u00e1 es una llamada al 911 pero \u00bfc\u00f3mo los sordos cumplen escuchar el Shem\u00e1?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aAqNGTQB1Kw?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. Analytic structure of the four cases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Recitation inaudible (don't listen to himself)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tanna Kamma (view anonymous):<\/strong> To comply with its obligation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rabbi Yosei:<\/strong> Does not comply with its obligation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Basis for discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The point of discussion is the verse <strong>\u201cShema Yisroel\u201d \u2014 \u201cHear, O Israel\u201d (Devarim 6:4)<\/strong>.<br>The word <em>Shema<\/em> (\u05e9\u05de\u05e2) can be interpreted as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cListen,\u201d literally, implying that it should be heard with the ear.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or \u201cunderstands \/ accepts it\u201d as a spiritual metaphor of attention and concentration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Rabbi Yosei<\/strong> holding a literal reading: \u201cShema\u201d means <strong>should be heard<\/strong>therefore, if the individual does not listen to itself \u2014not even in a whisper\u2014, <strong>does not meet<\/strong> with the mitzvah.<br>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>The Wise Men (Tanna Kamma)<\/strong> interpret \u201cShema\u201d as \u201cunderstand\u201d, so <strong>just think about and articulate<\/strong> although the sound is not audible externally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Implication halachic later:<\/strong><br>The <strong>Rambam (Hilchot Keriat Shema 2:8)<\/strong> and the <strong>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 62:3)<\/strong> dictate that it is <em>best<\/em> listen to the words, but if it does not, <strong>also complies with<\/strong> (as a Tanna Kamma).<br>It is an act valid, but not ideal (<em>bediavad<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #010 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"yyJiNVNl618\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishnah Berakhot 2.3: The Shema Israel is a 911 call, but how do deaf people fulfill it by hearing?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yyJiNVNl618?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Lack of accuracy when pronouncing the letters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rabbi Yosei:<\/strong> He fulfilled his obligation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rabbi Yehuda:<\/strong> Not fulfilled its obligation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Practical example:<\/strong><br>Words like <em>\u201cBekhol levavkha\u201d<\/em> (\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d1\u05d1\u05da) must speak with clarity between the double consonants.<br>The <em>Shema<\/em> requires a <strong>precise statement<\/strong>because the Torah uses expressions that require concentration (<em>\u201cat the heart\u201d<\/em>, <em>\u201cthese words shall be in your heart\u201d<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Rabbi Yehuda<\/strong> insists on the <strong>precision phonetic<\/strong>because the recitation of the <em>Shema<\/em> it is not a thought, but a <strong>act-verbal proclamation of monotheism<\/strong>.<br>The mitzvah, he says, is \u201cread\u201d, not \u201cthink\u201d. If the letters are not pronounced correctly, <strong>has not been read<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Rabbi Yosei<\/strong>, more flexible, considers that <strong>the intention interior prevails<\/strong>.<br>If the meaning was understood, although the pronunciation imperfect, <strong>complies with the mitzvah<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources in parallel:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Talmud Bavl\u00ed Berachot 15b<\/strong> develops it must be distinguished between <em>\u201cejad\u201d<\/em> and <em>\u201cadonai\u201d<\/em> properly, prolonging the \u201cdalet\u201d (\u05d3).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Arizal<\/strong> and the kabbalists see in every letter of the <em>Shema<\/em> a spiritual energy specific to pronounce is equivalent to \u201cbuild\u201d the letters in the spiritual worlds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Recite the Shema out of order<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, there is no debate.<br>All the sages agree that: <strong>does not comply with its obligation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is based on the principle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cVehayu hadevarim haele asher anoj\u00ed metzaveja hayom <em>the levaveja<\/em>\u201d<br>\u2014 \u201cThese words shall be in thine heart\u201d (Deut. 6:6).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201cvehayu\u201d (\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5, \u201cand will be\u201d) implies that they must be <strong>such as they are written<\/strong>, i.e., <strong>in sequential order<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To alter the order is equivalent to altering the theological message.<br>The <em>Shema<\/em> it is not a meditation free, but a <strong>proclamation structured<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Practical application:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If someone jumps a verse or a change of place of the phrases, you must repeat from the point where it was wrong.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 64:1)<\/strong> encodes this rule with precision: the order is essential.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>If you make a mistake, return to the place of the error<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This principle introduces the concept of <strong>tik\u00fan<\/strong> (correction) in the prayer:<br>The divine word does not improvise.<br>The prayer, when it's revealed word (<em>devar Hashem<\/em>), does not support fragmentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The obligation to return \u201cto the place of error\u201d is not punitive, but <strong>a pedagogy of consciousness<\/strong>: he who prays should know <strong>where is<\/strong>, <strong>what it says<\/strong> and <strong>why<\/strong> he says.<br>The prayer thus becomes an exercise of attention (<em>kavan\u00e1<\/em> total).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. Conceptual analysis: the tension between <em>kavan\u00e1<\/em> and <em>dibur<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>Representative<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Kavan\u00e1<\/strong> (intention)<\/td><td>Focus the mind and the heart in the meaning of the text.<\/td><td>Rabbi Yosei<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dibur<\/strong> (pronunciation)<\/td><td>Verbally express the words with precision and order.<\/td><td>Rabbi Yehuda<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>Shema<\/em> it is located at the mid-point: it requires <strong>both of these things<\/strong>.<br>Not enough to think (as in meditation), or simply pronounce (as in the reading technique).<br>The mitzvah looking for the <strong>unity of thought, word and action<\/strong>, reflecting the message of the <em>Shema<\/em> (\u201cGod is one\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. Theological interpretation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>Shema Israel<\/em> it is the core of the monotheism of the bible.<br>That's why every detail formal \u2014order, sound, pronunciation\u2014 becomes a symbol of the <strong>divine order of the cosmos<\/strong>.<br>Say it correctly is a way to participate in the act of creation itself:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Just as God created the world with words (\u201cAnd God said...\u201d), the man re-created his faith with words pronounced correctly.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>audibility<\/strong> represents the connection between the interior thought and the world outside.<br>To cover the eyes, as we saw in the Mishnah earlier, seeks concentration;<br>but here the Mishnah emphasizes that faith <strong>it should be expressed<\/strong>not only to feel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V. Comments classics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Rashi (Berachot 15a):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>He explains that \u201clistening to yourself\u201d it is only necessary <em>lejatjil\u00e1<\/em> (ideally), not <em>bediavad<\/em> (after the fact).<br>However, if you are not listened to because you didn't move your lips, <strong>not worth it<\/strong>: the mitzvah is verbal, not mental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Rambam (Mishn\u00e9 Torah, Hilchot Keriat Shema 2:8-10):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rules:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cYou must pronounce the words with his lips, and hear with their ears. If you do not, fulfilled his obligation, but not perfect.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Stresses that the order is a requirement <strong>min hatorah<\/strong> (of the Torah), while the audibility and precision are <strong>midraban\u00e1n<\/strong> (rabbinical).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Tosafot (Berachot 15b):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Debate if a <strong>deaf<\/strong> that can't be heard, can never be fulfilled.<br>Conclusion: yes, you can, because the mitzvah is in the read, not in the hearing (similar to the Tanna Kamma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VI. Spiritual dimension (according to the Kabbalah)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <em>Shema<\/em> it is a <strong>unification of worlds<\/strong> (<em>yijudim<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each word binds plans: thinking (moaj), word (peh), and action (yad).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the order or the sound is altered, it breaks the \u201cflow line\u201d spiritual between the upper worlds and the soul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the <strong>Zohar (Parashat Vaetjan\u00e1n 266b)<\/strong>, who pronounces the <em>Shema<\/em> without a concentration or with errors \u201cbreaks the letters of the faith\u201d (<em>otiyot haemun\u00e1<\/em>).<br>The \u201creturn to the place of error\u201d is a form of <strong>rectify<\/strong> this rupture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VII. General conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Appearance<\/th><th>Majority opinion<\/th><th>Spiritual principle<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Audibility<\/strong><\/td><td>Desirable, but not essential.<\/td><td>The word connects the soul with the reality.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Precision<\/strong><\/td><td>Important, albeit with a margin of error.<\/td><td>The letters are channels of divine energy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Order<\/strong><\/td><td>Mandatory.<\/td><td>The Torah requires structure and continuity.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Correction of errors<\/strong><\/td><td>You must return to the exact point.<\/td><td>Rectification conscious.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theological synthesis:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mishnah Berachot 2:3 teaches that <strong>the Shema is not a text which is recited, but an act that embodies it.<\/strong><br>Each word, letter and sound have weight.<br>To comply with the obligation is not just a legal issue, but a way of <strong>fine-tune the soul to align with the divine order<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mishn\u00e1 Berajot 2:3: c\u00f3mo recitar correctamente el Shem\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[108,107,112,109,63,113,114,111,110],"class_list":{"0":"post-240","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-010-2","10":"tag-107","11":"tag-clase-010","12":"tag-clase-10","13":"tag-shema","14":"tag-sordo","15":"tag-sordos","16":"tag-video-010","17":"tag-video-10"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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