{"id":258,"date":"2025-09-24T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=258"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:32:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:32:37","slug":"berajot-3-1-estudio-completo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/berajot-3-1-estudio-completo\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #016 VIDEO \/ Berachot 3.1 \/ What they don't tell you about a burial in Judaism"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Berachot 3:1 \u2014 full Study (text, context, halachah and principles)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Text and context immediately<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The mishna establishes three cases and three <strong>exemptions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>On\u00e9n<\/strong> (direct relative died and <em>unburied<\/em>): exempt <strong>Shema<\/strong>, <strong>Amid\u00e1<\/strong> and <strong>tefillin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Casket bearers<\/strong> and their <strong>relay<\/strong>: which <strong>are required<\/strong> to load are <strong>exempt from Shema<\/strong>; which <strong>are not required<\/strong>, <strong>required<\/strong> to Shema.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>All<\/strong> (necessary and unnecessary) are <strong>exempt from Amid\u00e1<\/strong> for lack of concentration (<em>kavan\u00e1<\/em>appropriate.<br>Hebrew text source: \u201c\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5... \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4\u05df... \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #016 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"rTr8El0sMNM\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishna Berachot 3.1: What you don&#039;t have a burial in Judaism\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rTr8El0sMNM?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) key Concepts that underlie the mishnah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Status on\u00e9n<\/strong>: From the death until the burial, the family member forced to duel will be considered <em>on\u00e9n<\/em> and its exclusive focus is the <strong>burial<\/strong> (<em>kvod hamet<\/em>). That is why it is free of Shema, Amid\u00e1 and tefillin. The gemara expand: who watches the deceased, even if it is not relative, it is also exempt from these mitzvot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Osek b mitzvah patur min hamitzv\u00e1<\/strong> (\u201cwho is engaged in a mitzvah is exempt from another\u201d): a general principle that explains the exemption of the <strong>carriers<\/strong> and their <strong>relay<\/strong> while they are involved in the <strong>levay\u00e1<\/strong> (burial). Its classic source is Sukkah 25a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kavan\u00e1 in the Amid\u00e1<\/strong>: even those who are not required to load are <strong>exempt from Amid\u00e1<\/strong>because the Amid\u00e1 requires a deeper intention; the concern and the logistics of the funeral prevent pray with the mind in its site. It is exactly the closure of the mishnah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #016 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"Lyoo-HrttfI\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishnah Berakhot 3.1: What They Don&#039;t Tell You About Burial in Judaism\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Lyoo-HrttfI?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Reading the fine of each clause<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">a) On\u00e9n: Shema, Amid\u00e1 and tefillin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The mishnah exempts of the three. The gemara (Berachot 18a) confirms this and the encoding rules confirms that the on\u00e9n is <strong>exempt from all mitzvos positive<\/strong> until the burial. <strong>Shulchan Aruch YD 341<\/strong> summarizes this framework (e.g., if someone becomes on\u00e9n in the middle of a recitation has already started, there are specific rules).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>About <strong>tefillin<\/strong> in mourning: in addition to the on\u00e9n (before burial), the <strong>prohibition of the first day of mourning<\/strong> it is supported in Moed Kat\u00e1n 15a and the notion of <em>pe'er<\/em> (Ezekiel 24:17); the coding practice appears in <strong>Orach Ja\u00edm 38<\/strong> and commentators. (This is already mourning after the burial; the quote to mark the regulatory landscape full of \u201cgrief and tefillin\u201d.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(b) Carrying of the bier and relay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The mishnah distinguishes between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Needed now<\/strong> (or in immediate preparation): <strong>exempt from Shema<\/strong> by <em>osek b mitzvah<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not required<\/strong>: <strong>forced to Shema<\/strong> (you can pause and recite).<br><strong>All<\/strong> are <strong>exempt from Amid\u00e1<\/strong> due to the inability to concentrate (tirda).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">c) why <strong>Shema<\/strong> sometimes yes and <strong>Amid\u00e1<\/strong> no?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Shema<\/strong> can be recited with a concentration sufficient even in circumstances that are tense; the <strong>Amid\u00e1<\/strong> requires a <em>kavan\u00e1<\/em> more intense. That's why, even those who <strong>no<\/strong> they are active in the transfer of the coffin <strong>no<\/strong> pray Amid\u00e1 at that time. (See the explanation in materials or comment linked to the mishnah.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Development talmudic and early system<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Berachot 18a<\/strong>: extends the statute of the <strong>on\u00e9n<\/strong> and <strong>shomer<\/strong> (who has custody of the body), both exempt from the Shema, Amid\u00e1 and tefillin, and other mitzvot, by the weight of the immediate duty towards the deceased.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sukkah 25a<\/strong>: <strong>osek b mitzvah<\/strong> as a source of general \u2014application here: <strong>levayat hamet<\/strong> (to accompany\/load the coffin) suspends other obligations in whom is <strong>necessary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rambam, Hilchot Kriat Shema cap 4<\/strong>- encodes that those who are busy in <strong>burial<\/strong> or <strong>consolation of mourners<\/strong> are exempt from the Shema, just by <em>osek b mitzvah<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shulchan Aruch YD 341<\/strong>: presents a compendium of the regime <strong>aninut<\/strong> (pre-burial): broad exemption from mitzvot, positive, including <strong>tefillin<\/strong> and <strong>tefillah<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) conceptual Synthesis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kvod hamet<\/strong> (honour the dead) and <strong>osek b mitzvah<\/strong> justify the temporary suspension of mitzvot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grading kavan\u00e1<\/strong>: the Amid\u00e1 required <strong>full<\/strong> intent; <strong>Shema<\/strong> supports a threshold lower.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Functional responsibility<\/strong>: the obligation depends on whether the person <strong>it is necessary<\/strong> in the task of burial <em>in that instant<\/em>. The mishnah low to practical (carrier, relays and relay of relay).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) practical Application today (psak summary)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>On\u00e9n (before burial)<\/strong>: do not recite <strong>Shema<\/strong>, <strong>Amid\u00e1<\/strong>, do not put <strong>tefillin<\/strong>, or performing other mitzvot positive; its focus is to arrange and perform the burial. After the burial, it goes to the status of <strong>avel<\/strong> (suffering), rules of mourning, and tefillin differentiated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Participants of the funeral<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carriers \/ logistics team<\/strong> <em>required<\/em>: <strong>exempt from Shema<\/strong> while they are busy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not required<\/strong>: <strong>recite Shema<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>All<\/strong>: <strong>no<\/strong> pray <strong>Amid\u00e1<\/strong> in that time due to the lack of <em>kavan\u00e1<\/em>. Once you complete the task, and if the time of Amid\u00e1 is still valid and there are mental calm enough, you can pray.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tefillin of the bereaved after the burial (first day)<\/strong>: classic norm prohibits the first-day basis: <em>pe'er<\/em>); from the <strong>second day<\/strong> are placed, with nuances of customs. (This already exceeds the on\u00e9n of our mishnah, but complete the practical framework of the duel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7) Ideas ethical and theological<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The mishnah located <strong>human dignity in death<\/strong> and the <strong>active mercy<\/strong> even above that of daily obligations as central as the Shema. Does not relativize the importance of the Shema\/Amid\u00e1, but defines <strong>priorities<\/strong>: when the Torah calls us to honor the deceased and to ensure your funeral, that is the <strong>mitzvah immediate<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berajot 3:1: on\u00e9n, duelo y exenciones hal\u00e1jicas<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[159,160,163,161,165,166,164,162],"class_list":{"0":"post-258","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-159","10":"tag-016-2","11":"tag-clase-016","12":"tag-clase-16","13":"tag-entierro","14":"tag-sepultura","15":"tag-video-016","16":"tag-video-16"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Berajot 3:1: on\u00e9n, duelo y exenciones hal\u00e1jicas - 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