{"id":261,"date":"2025-09-29T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=261"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:32:47","slug":"berajot-3-2-shema-shura-duelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/berajot-3-2-shema-shura-duelo\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #017 VIDEO \/ Berachot 3.2 \/ What happens to the soul after death, and why they cover mirrors in the house of the deceased?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complete study of Berachot 3:2<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) the base Text and translation operational<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mishnah, Berachot 3:2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAfter burying the dead and return, if they can begin to recite the <em>Shema<\/em> and finish before you get to the row (<em>shur\u00e1<\/em>), begin; and if not, they will not begin. Those who are in the row inside are exempt; those who are in the outer row, required.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Glossary minimum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shur\u00e1<\/strong>: the \u201crows\u201d that are formed to <strong>comfort the mourners<\/strong> (<em>nijum aveil\u00edm<\/em>) after the burial; the mourners passed between these rows to for comfort.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #017 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"cg_Xb4fKpLw\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What happens to the soul after death, and why they cover mirrors in the house of the deceased?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cg_Xb4fKpLw?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Context halachic general<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mishnah deals with two issues:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>When to start <em>Shema<\/em><\/strong> on the way back from the funeral.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Who are exempt or required<\/strong> to recite it according to their location in the ranks of solace (inside vs. outside).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The Talmud (Bavl\u00ed) <strong>explains and defines<\/strong> these rules and codifications classic (Rambam and Shulchan Aruch) incorporated in the halachic practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #017 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"F7EjKeLbmvk\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What happens to the soul after death and why are mirrors covered in the deceased&#039;&#039;s home?\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/F7EjKeLbmvk?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Logic, Epistemology (what is allowed and why)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. \u201cIf you can start and finish before you get to the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>start\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Principle<\/strong>: avoid <strong>interruptions<\/strong> (<em>hefsek<\/em>) in a mitzvah that requires concentration (<em>kavan\u00e1<\/em>), especially the first verse and the first section of the <em>Shema<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Application<\/strong>: if the time available <strong>reaches to recite the <em>Shema<\/em> full<\/strong> before entering an area where they will have to participate in the consolation formal, <strong>recited<\/strong>; if not, <strong>does not start<\/strong> to not fall into a forced outage. The Bavl\u00ed discusses this point the thread of the immediate participation in the <em>nijum aveil\u00edm<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. \u201cRow inside\u201d exempt vs. \u201couter row\u201d required<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inner (\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd)<\/strong>: who <strong>they are directly involved<\/strong> in the comfort of the mourners \u2014in front of the mourners, or where it inevitably will\u2014 <strong>are exempt<\/strong> of <em>Shema<\/em> by being engaged in a mitzvah (<em>osek be-mitzvah patur min ha-mitzvah<\/em>). The Rambam defines the \u201cinside\u201d as that <strong>see the faces of the mourners<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Outer (\u05d7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd)<\/strong>: who <strong>only show respect<\/strong> in the distance, without direct contact with the suffering, <strong>still required<\/strong> to recite <em>Shema<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Anchor talmudic and coding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Talmud Bavl\u00ed, Berachot 19b<\/strong>: explicitly mentions the distinction of the Mishnah (interior exempt \/ outward bound) and related to the effective participation in the consolation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rambam, <em>Hilchot Kriat Shema<\/em>, cap 4<\/strong>: systematizes that <strong>who integrates the row inside<\/strong> it is exempt, and who is outside, forced; it also regulates exemptions related (e.g., guard of the body, state of <em>on\u00e9n<\/em> before the burial).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shulchan Aruch \/ Shulchan Aruch HaRav<\/strong>: collect these laws in the chapters on <em>Kriat Shema<\/em> and mourning; and the detailed <strong>formation of the rows<\/strong> and its halachic status.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) Principles hal\u00e1jicos underlying<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Osek be-mitzvah patur min ha-mitzvah<\/strong>: who is actively engaged in a mitzvah (here, the <strong>comfort direct to the suffering<\/strong>) is exempt temporarily from another (to recite <em>Shema<\/em>). The \u201crow inside\u201d is a paradigm of this occupation is active.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prevent <em>hefsek<\/em><\/strong>: do not start <em>Shema<\/em> if it is foreseeable that it should <strong>interrupt<\/strong> to comply with the protocol of comfort.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State <em>on\u00e9n<\/em><\/strong> (before burial): the family of major and some people directly involved in the preparation of the burial <strong>are exempt<\/strong> of <em>Shema<\/em>, <em>Amid\u00e1<\/em> and other mitzvot until the burial. Although the Mishnah speaks, \u201cafter the burial and on the back\u201d, this rule <em>on\u00e9n<\/em> gives framework to the entire chapter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) Scope and practical cases today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1. What is \u201cShema full\u201d?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, <em>Shema<\/em> includes <strong>its three sections<\/strong> (Deut 6:4-9; 11:13-21; Num 15:37-41) with blessings corresponding (according to the schedule). The urgency here lies in <strong>not start<\/strong> if you do not reach to complete without interruption when you get to the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>. Encoders as the <strong>Shulchan Aruch<\/strong> regulate times and structure of the <em>Shema<\/em> morning\/evening; this frames the temporary decision of the Mishnah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2. How to identify the \u201cinside\u201d and \u201coutside\u201d today<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interior<\/strong>: who <strong>form the row by the passing effectively the bereaved<\/strong> or <strong>they are in front of their faces<\/strong> in the corridor of comfort. Exempt while <strong>duration<\/strong> that act.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exterior<\/strong>: attendees located <strong>behind<\/strong> or <strong>side<\/strong> that <strong>do not interact directly<\/strong> with the bereaved. Forced to recite <em>Shema<\/em> in his time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3. Chapel, cemetery and home <em>shiva<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The logic applies <strong>both the cemetery and the formation of rows<\/strong> at the exit of the chapel or in the house <em>shiva<\/em>whenever there is the <strong>dynamic formal comfort<\/strong> where mourners passed between rows. Guides hal\u00e1jicas contemporary describe this protocol and its status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7) Hues and frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Can you whisper the first verse if you do not arrive on time?<\/strong><br>The Mishnah is clear: <strong>if you do not reach to end<\/strong>, <strong>does not start<\/strong>. Start just to \u201cget something done\u201d and then interrupt for the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em> <strong>it is not correct<\/strong> in this scenario. The emphasis is on avoiding <em>hefsek<\/em> in a recitation that requires <strong>kavan\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Difference with those who \u201caccompanied the deceased\u201d during the burial<\/strong><br>Before the burial, <strong>companions needed<\/strong> may be exempt even <em>Shema<\/em> and <em>Tefillah<\/em>. After the burial, the exemption <strong>limited<\/strong> who is <strong>directly<\/strong> in the act of consoling (row inside).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Do responses of \u201cAmen\u201d or other blessings in the row inside?<\/strong><br>Compilations hal\u00e1jicas extend that, during the occupation directly in the mitzvah, there is <strong>exemption also responding<\/strong> to blessings, as part of the non-interruption. (See Shulchan Aruch HaRav, cap 71).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8) Structure decision-making (quick guide)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Do you come back from the burial, and still not got to the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Do you have enough time to <em>Shema<\/em> complete before they arrive?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yes \u2192 <strong>Recites now<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Not \u2192 <strong>Do not start<\/strong>; expected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Are you already in the area of the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Row inner (direct contact with the bereaved \/ I see your face \/ they spend in front of you).<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Exempt<\/strong> for the duration of the act.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Outer row (presence honorable without direct treatment)<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Required<\/strong> to <em>Shema<\/em> in his time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9) Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Berachot 3:2 <strong>balances<\/strong> the <strong>priority of comfort to the grieving<\/strong> with the <strong>observance of the <em>Shema<\/em><\/strong>. The rule is simple and strict: <strong>not start<\/strong> the <em>Shema<\/em> if you can't be completed <strong>before<\/strong> enter the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>; and, <strong>during<\/strong> the <em>shur\u00e1<\/em>, <strong>exemption<\/strong> only for <strong>row interior<\/strong> (occupation directly in the mitzvah), keeping the <strong>obligation<\/strong> for the <strong>outer row<\/strong>. This structure, as explained in the Bavl\u00ed and codified by Rambam and Shulchan Aruch, it is still the operational pattern today.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berajot 3:2: Shem\u00e1, shur\u00e1 y duelo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[167,168,171,169,165,173,174,166,172,170],"class_list":{"0":"post-261","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-167","10":"tag-017-2","11":"tag-clase-017","12":"tag-clase-17","13":"tag-entierro","14":"tag-espejos","15":"tag-muerte","16":"tag-sepultura","17":"tag-video-017","18":"tag-video-17"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Berajot 3:2: Shem\u00e1, shur\u00e1 y duelo - 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