{"id":264,"date":"2025-10-01T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=264"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:33:00","slug":"berajot-3-3-estudio-halajico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/berajot-3-3-estudio-halajico\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #018 VIDEO \/ Berachot 3.3 \/ Inequalities and social divisions in the era of the Second Temple of Jerusalem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complete study of <strong>Berachot 3:3<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Text of the mishnah (Berachot 3:3)<\/strong><br>\u201c<strong>Women, slaves and minors<\/strong> are <strong>exempt<\/strong> of the <strong>recitation of the Shema<\/strong> and <strong>filacterias (tefillin)<\/strong>, but <strong>are required<\/strong> to <strong>pray the prayer (tefillah)<\/strong>, to the <strong>mezuzah<\/strong> and <strong>blessing after meals (birkat hammaz\u00f3n)<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Location and underlying legal principle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This mishnah is based on the classical rule: the <strong>mitzvot positive time-dependent<\/strong> (<em>mitzvot roasted shehazm\u00e1n gram\u00e1<\/em>) <strong>do not compel women<\/strong>; in contrast, the <strong>mitzvot positive non-time-dependent<\/strong> yes force alike. The <strong>gemara<\/strong> (Berachot 20a\u2013b) uses this rule to explain why, despite being \u201ctimes\u201d fixed, <strong>the tefillah<\/strong> requires all: <strong>it is not considered \u201ctime-dependent\u201d<\/strong> in its essence, but <strong>supplication for mercy<\/strong> required for any person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #018 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"taIEnzXsqeI\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishna Berajot 3.3: Desigualdades y divisiones sociales en la \u00e9poca del Segundo Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/taIEnzXsqeI?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Analysis for each obligation\/disclaimer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(a) <strong>Shema<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Exempt<\/strong> (women, slaves, children)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> has <strong>strict hours<\/strong> (morning and evening), so it comes in \u201cpositive time-dependent\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Source:<\/strong> Mishnah and its explanation in <strong>Berachot 20a\u2013b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practice:<\/strong> many authorities recommend that women, although exempt, <strong>say at least the first verse<\/strong> (\u201cShema Yisrael...\u201d) to accept the <strong>Yoke of the Heavenly Kingdom<\/strong>. (Practice cited in compendiums hal\u00e1jicos contemporaries.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> although <strong>legally-exempt<\/strong>, there is a duty to <strong>education (jinuj)<\/strong>: it is the <strong>taught to recite Shema in his time<\/strong> and with their blessings. (Ramban, cited in studies hal\u00e1jicos.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(b) <strong>Tefillin<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Exempt<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> <strong>do not put on Shabbat and yom tov<\/strong>; therefore it is considered <strong>time-dependent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sources:<\/strong> <strong>Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 38:3<\/strong> and explanations; the Rem\u201da is usually <strong>discourage<\/strong> that women adopt it for their own account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">c) <strong>Tefillah (Amid\u00e1)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Forced<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> <strong>no<\/strong> it is classified as a \u201ctime-dependent\u201d in its essence; the gemara is defined as <strong>supplication for mercy<\/strong>, which <strong>all people need<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sources:<\/strong> <strong>Berachot 20a\u2013b<\/strong>; <strong>Rambam, Hilchot Tefillah 1:1-2<\/strong>; <strong>Shulchan Aruch, OJ 106:1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practical scope:<\/strong> there are <strong>differences of habit<\/strong>: many authorities sephardic force <strong>a tefillah daily<\/strong> minimum; some authorities ashkenazi force <strong>two<\/strong> (Shacharit and Minchah).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">d) <strong>Mezuzah<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Forced<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> <strong>no<\/strong> is time-dependent (it is a duty <strong>constant<\/strong> of the housing).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Source:<\/strong> inferred by the gemara (Berachot 20a\u2013b), they even discussed and <strong>discards<\/strong> a possible analogy that would have exempted women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(e) <strong>Birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Forced<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> mitzvah <strong>of the Torah<\/strong> (\u201cEat, thou shalt be satisfied and <strong>bendecir\u00e1s<\/strong>... \u201d ,- Deut 8:10), and <strong>no<\/strong> depends on a fixed schedule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Important nuance:<\/strong> the <strong>Shulchan Aruch (OJ 186:1)<\/strong> asserts that <strong>it is sure that women are forced<\/strong>, but <strong>it is in doubt if it is your obligation to deorait\u00e1 (biblical) or deraban\u00e1n (rabbinic)<\/strong>; that <strong>safek<\/strong> arise <strong>consequences<\/strong> (e.g., if they can enforce the obligation of a man in all the cases).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #018 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"_CgC6GPE3oM\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishnah Berakhot 3.3: Inequalities and Social Divisions in the Time of the Second Temple\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_CgC6GPE3oM?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Status of <strong>slave<\/strong> and <strong>minor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Slaves and the canaanites<\/strong> (<em>\u2018eved kenaan\u00ed\u2019<\/em>): in the fall classic, its <strong>map of obligations<\/strong> usually <strong>paralelarse women<\/strong> in this type of mitzvot. (Introductions hal\u00e1jicas standard.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> the mishnah includes them in the <strong>exemption formal<\/strong>but governs <strong>jinuj<\/strong>: <strong>are trained<\/strong> in the Shema (in his time, with blessings), in <strong>tefillah<\/strong>, <strong>mezuzah<\/strong> and <strong>birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong>according to the maturity. (Rambam cited in studies; Shulchan Aruch 106 on arrival at the age of jinuj for tefillah).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Fundamentals of <strong>Talmud and Codes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mishnah Berachot 3:3<\/strong> (text based).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gemara Berachot 20a\u2013b<\/strong>: justified <strong>obligation in tefillah<\/strong> and <strong>mezuzah<\/strong>, and reaffirms <strong>exemption<\/strong> in Shema\/tefillin for time dependence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rambam, Hilchot Tefillah 1:1-2<\/strong>: <strong>women and slaves forced<\/strong> to pray; defines the <strong>structure<\/strong> of the tefillah (praise\u2013request\u2013thank you).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shulchan Aruch, OJ 106:1<\/strong>- encodes the <strong>obligation of women in tefillah<\/strong>; <strong>OJ 38:3<\/strong>: <strong>exemption of tefillin<\/strong>; <strong>OJ 186:1<\/strong>: <strong>obligation of birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong> with <strong>doubt<\/strong> on your range (Torah or rabbinic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) practical Summary (psak halachah usual)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Mitzvah<\/th><th>Women<\/th><th>Slaves (canaanites)<\/th><th>Minor<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Shema<\/strong><\/td><td>Exempt (recommended 1st verse)*<\/td><td>Exempt<\/td><td>Exempt <strong>law<\/strong>; <strong>jinuj<\/strong> to recite in time<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tefillin<\/strong><\/td><td>Exempt<\/td><td>Exempt<\/td><td>Exempt; <strong>jinuj<\/strong> near bar mitzvah<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tefillah<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Forced<\/strong> (minimum 1\/day; customs vary)<\/td><td><strong>Required<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Jinuj<\/strong> according to age<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mezuzah<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Forced<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Required<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Jinuj<\/strong> (if applicable)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Forced<\/strong> (range: <strong>safek<\/strong> deorait\u00e1\/deraban\u00e1n)<\/td><td><strong>Required<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Jinuj<\/strong> after eating bread at shiur<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>* Recommendation widespread for <strong>ok the Reign Heavenly<\/strong> on a daily basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) interpretative Notes, and consequences hal\u00e1jicas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Why tefillah is not \u201ctime-dependent\u201d?<\/strong><br>The gemara the formula as <strong>need of permanent human<\/strong> (<em>rachamim<\/em>). The <strong>Rambam<\/strong> it encodes and the <strong>Shulchan Aruch<\/strong> is assumed to bind to women and slaves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Birkat hammaz\u00f3n and \u201csafek\u201d range<\/strong><br>Given that the <strong>obligation biblical<\/strong> you can rely on to be eaten <strong>satisfied<\/strong>some poskim doubt whether in all cases, the obligation to female <strong>deorait\u00e1<\/strong>; hence, <strong>not always<\/strong> to \u201cenforce\u201d the obligation of a man <strong>deorait\u00e1<\/strong>. (OJ 186:1 and abstracts hal\u00e1jicos traditional).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tefillin and customs female<\/strong><br>In addition to the exemption, there is <strong>reservation practices<\/strong> (purity in body, concentration) by the many authorities <strong>discourage<\/strong> their use by women, although they wanted it to us voluntarily.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Children and jinuj<\/strong><br>Although free-standing tradition emphasizes <strong>train<\/strong> in the Shema (with its berachot), tefillah and birkat hammaz\u00f3n. (Rambam via secondary sources and OJ 106).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7) Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Berachot 3:3<\/strong> set a <strong>map normative crisp<\/strong>: <strong>exemption<\/strong> of <strong>Shema<\/strong> and <strong>tefillin<\/strong> by be <strong>positive hours<\/strong>, and <strong>obligation<\/strong> of <strong>tefillah<\/strong>, <strong>mezuzah<\/strong> and <strong>birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong> by be <strong>duties are not time-dependent<\/strong> (or need constant). The <strong>gemara<\/strong> and <strong>codes<\/strong> (Rambam, <strong>Shulchan Aruch<\/strong>) consolidated this scheme, with <strong>nuances practical<\/strong> in the frequency of the <strong>tefillah<\/strong> female <strong>range<\/strong> of the obligation in <strong>birkat hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong>, and the <strong>training<\/strong> of minors.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berajot 3:3: obligaciones y exenciones hal\u00e1jicas<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[180,179,177,175,150,145,181,182,178,176],"class_list":{"0":"post-264","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-018-2","10":"tag-179","11":"tag-clase-018","12":"tag-clase-18","13":"tag-esclavitud","14":"tag-esclavo","15":"tag-mujer","16":"tag-mujeres","17":"tag-video-018","18":"tag-video-18"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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