{"id":267,"date":"2025-10-06T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=267"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:33:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T23:33:11","slug":"mishna-berajot-3-4-decreto-ezra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/mishna-berajot-3-4-decreto-ezra\/","title":{"rendered":"Class #019 VIDEO \/ Berachot 3.4 \/ get to Know the case when Ezra almost overturned the entire Torah"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Text of the Mishnah (Berachot 3:4)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u05e2\u05b6\u05d6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e7\u05b5\u05bc\u05df \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05d4\u05b0\u05d9\u05d5\u05bc \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0\u05b7\u05ea \u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05de\u05b7\u05e2 \u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05e4\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05ea\u05b0\u05e4\u05b4\u05dc\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u05de\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4:<\/strong><br>\u05d4\u05b7\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05e7\u05b6\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9 \u05de\u05b0\u05d4\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d4\u05b5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05de\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e4\u05b8\u05e0\u05b6\u05d9\u05d4\u05b8 \u05d5\u05b0\u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05dc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05b6\u05d9\u05d4\u05b8, \u05d5\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b7\u05bc\u05d0\u05b2\u05db\u05b8\u05dc \u05de\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05d0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05de\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e4\u05b8\u05e0\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5. \u05e8\u05b7\u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05e8: \u05de\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e4\u05b8\u05e0\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #019 IN SPANISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"jhN03Nj_j2w\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishna Berachot 3.4: Learn about the case when Ezra almost annulled the entire Torah.\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jhN03Nj_j2w?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Translation (according to your appointment, and academic sources):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Ezra the Scribe decreed that anyone who is ritually unclean because of a seminal emission may not become involved in matters of the Torah until he has been immersed in a ritual bath, and has been purified. This halachah was accepted for many generations; however, there were disputes about matters of the Torah to which it applies. The Mishna teaches: If the time comes for the recitation of the Shema and one is unclean because of a seminal emission, you can meditate the Shema in his heart, but do not recite the blessings that precede or follow it. In terms of the food, after eating it, requires a blessing according to the Torah, recite the blessing after, but not before, because the previous blessing is rabbinical. And in all these cases, Rabbi Yehuda says: it recites a blessing before and after, both the Shema as for the food.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical context: the decree of Ezra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ezra ha-Sofer (Scribe)<\/strong>, a central figure of the period postex\u00edlico (fifth century.C.), established several <em>takkanot<\/em> (decrees rabbinical) designed to raise the level of spiritual and ritual purity of the people after the return from Babylon.<br>One of them \u2014according to Berachot 22b, and Baba Kama 82a\u2014 was <strong>prohibit the study and prayer to someone who had had a seminal emission (\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9)<\/strong> without prior purified by immersion (<em>tevil\u00e1<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reason, according to the <strong>Talmud Bavli (Berachot 22a)<\/strong>, is twofold:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Spiritual:<\/strong> preserving the sanctity of the study of the Torah, which requires purity of body and soul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disciplinary:<\/strong> avoid excessive laxity or sexual frivolity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>However, this decree of Ezra was <strong>difficult to sustain in practice<\/strong>.<br>The Talmud tells us that the time \u201c<em>batel\u00e1 takanat Ezra<\/em>\u201d (the ordinance was overturned) because the people were not able to carry it out consistently.<br>Despite this, <strong>the Mishnah of Berachot reflects an intermediate stage<\/strong>: when the practice was still going on or even discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIDEO CLASS #019 IN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"kTpnWShcAZU\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mishnah Berakhot 3.4: Learn about the case when Ezra almost annulled the entire Torah\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kTpnWShcAZU?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analysis of the Mishnah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u201cYou can meditate on the Shema in his heart\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This implies that the <strong>obligation biblical<\/strong> reciting the <em>Shema<\/em> it complies with the thought (<em>hirhur<\/em>), without pronunciation, for the one who is impure.<br>The <em>Rambam<\/em> (Hilchot Kriat Shema 4:8) explains that the <em>ba'al keri<\/em> can't pronounce the sacred words, but you can reflect upon them, so as not to interrupt your spiritual bond with God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Talmud Yerushalmi (Berachot 3:4)<\/strong> emphasizes that the thinking in the Shema preserves the <em>kavan\u00e1<\/em> (intention devotional) even when the body is impure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u201cDo not recite the blessings that precede or follow it\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Blessings (<em>berachot<\/em>) origin <strong>rabbinical<\/strong>not biblical.<br>For this reason, while the recitation of the Shema (Torah) should be maintained at least in the thought, the blessings are omitted out of respect for his character verbal and sacred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Tosefta Berachot 2:12<\/strong> clarifies that this omission was part of the decree of Ezra, not a punishment, but as a measure of reverence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u201cAbout the food... recites a blessing after, but not before\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here we distinguish between two kinds of blessings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Birkat Hammaz\u00f3n<\/strong> (after eating): obligation <strong>biblical<\/strong> (Deut. 8:10).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blessing before lunch:<\/strong> obligation <strong>rabbinic<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the impure had to thank God after feeding \u2014because that is a <em>mitzvah deoraita<\/em>\u2014 but omitted the previous blessing, in respect to the decree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u201cRabbi Yehuda says: he Recites a blessing before and after\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabbi Yehuda holds a position more flexible. According to him, <strong>the value of the blessing does not depend on the state ritual physical<\/strong>but the spiritual awareness.<br>The Talmud (Berachot 22a) quote his argument: \u201c<em>What is the difference between the Torah and blessings? If the soul is pure, you can praise God<\/em>.\u201d<br>To Rabbi Yehuda, the <em>tevil\u00e1<\/em> it is recommended, but not a condition to bless or to study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion talmudic (Berachot 22a\u201323b)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Talmud extends this Mishnah in a technical discussion and spiritual:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rav Yehuda in the name of Shmuel says that Ezra decreed the immersion <strong>only for the study of the Torah and prayer<\/strong>not for other activities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rav Yosef taught that the practice was abolished because \u201cthe Torah may not remain forgotten in Israel\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rabbi Chanina ben Akavia argues that \u201cthe words of Torah do not receive impurity\u201d, quoting Jeremiah 23:29: <em>\u201cIs not my word like fire?\u201d<\/em> \u2014 that is to say, the Torah transcends the impurity physics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, the decree of Ezra, was interpreted symbolically as a <strong>call to moral purity<\/strong>, not a physical purification literal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpretations hal\u00e1jicas later<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Rambam (Hilchot Kriat Shema 4:8 and Tefillah 4:4)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Argues that the obligation of the dive was repealed, but the attitude of purity continues to be ideal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAlthough it is not mandatory, the pious and the men of work (<em>anshei ma roasted<\/em>) is used to immerse themselves before praying.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Shulchan Aruch (Orach Ja\u00edm 88:1)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Records that the custom of the <em>tevil\u00e1<\/em> the <em>ba'al keri<\/em> since we do not observe, \u201cthe decree of Ezra was cancelled\u201d, although some kabbalists (such as the Arizal) maintained the practice for mystical reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Mysticism and Kabbalah<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <em>Zohar<\/em> (Parashat Tazria, III:45b), the impurity seminal represents a loss of spiritual energy (<em>nitzotzot<\/em>).<br>Immerse yourself symbolizes restore the connection with the divine source (<em>yesod<\/em>).<br>Thus, the decree of Ezra is reinterpreted as an esoteric teaching on the inner purification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spiritual meaning and ethical<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Purity not as a condition of physical, but mental.<\/strong><br>The Mishnah acknowledge that, even in impurity, one can serve God with the thought.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hierarchy of the obligations.<\/strong><br>Distinguishes between biblical commands (Shema), Birkat Hammaz\u00f3n) and rabbinic (blessings previous).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Balance between rigor and mercy.<\/strong><br>Rabbi Yehuda offers a vision of a more human and compassionate, which gives priority to the devotion above the ritualism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Historical transition.<\/strong><br>Represents the passage of a religion centered on ritual purity (time of the Second Temple) toward a faith-centered spiritual purity, and the word (season rabbinic).<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mishn\u00e1 Berajot 3:4: el decreto de Ezra explicado<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,727],"tags":[186,185,190,183,192,187,188,189,184,191],"class_list":{"0":"post-267","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berajot","8":"category-mishna_capitulo_a_capitulo","9":"tag-019-2","10":"tag-185","11":"tag-baal-keri","12":"tag-clase-019","13":"tag-clase-19","14":"tag-esdras","15":"tag-ezra","16":"tag-semen","17":"tag-video-019","18":"tag-video-19"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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at the intersection between the history and the sacred mysteries metaphysical. Their work delves into the Mishnah, the Bible and the Kabbalah, exploring the codes, contexts and hidden dimensions that connect the biblical tradition and rabbinic with the evolution of spiritual and philosophical in the world. It combines academic rigor with a look critically and analytically, revealing the links between theology, religion, power and ancient knowledge.","sameAs":["http:\/\/lamishna.com"],"url":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/author\/abelefloresgmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1472,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions\/1472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}