{"id":468,"date":"2025-08-07T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=468"},"modified":"2025-12-07T16:38:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T23:38:01","slug":"targum-neofiti-la-voz-oculta-de-las-sinagogas-de-galilea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/targum-neofiti-la-voz-oculta-de-las-sinagogas-de-galilea\/","title":{"rendered":"Targum Neofiti: the voice hidden in the synagogues of Galilee"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cThe Targum Neofiti does not translate the Torah: interprets it, expands it, and makes it speak with the living voice of his people\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Definition and scope<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Targum Neofiti<\/strong> it is the largest of the so-called targumes western or palestinian<\/strong> on the Torah (Pentateuch)<\/strong>. It is not a mere translation word-for-word from Hebrew to aramaic, but rather a version parafr\u00e1stica and exegetical<\/strong>, with amplifications that explain or develop the sense of the biblical text. In terms of scope, it is often more expansive that Onquelos<\/strong> and less<\/strong> that Pseudo-Jonathan. Covers the five books<\/strong> of the Torah in a single codex almost completely (about 450 sheets<\/strong>), with only a few passages damaged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) The manuscript: origins, identification and publication<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

The primary witness is the codex known as Neofiti 1<\/strong>currently kept in the Vatican Library<\/strong>. The manuscript was historically associated with the Collegium Neophytorum<\/strong> (\u201cThe college of the Neophytes\u201d, hence the name \u201cNeofiti\u201d), after passing through the hands of converts from judaism as Andrea Monte<\/strong> (who also introduced censorship) and Ugo Boncompagni<\/strong>. The Vatican bought the set at the close of the Collegium in 1886<\/strong>. For decades, the codex was evil classified as Onquelos<\/strong> until the mid-TWENTIETH century recognized its true nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rediscovered academic<\/strong> links to Alejandro D\u00edez Macho<\/strong>who in 1956<\/strong> announced the identification of a targum palestinian complete<\/strong> in the Vatican Library and began his critical edition and dissemination\u2014a milestone that reactivated the studies on the targumes western. The reference edition was published between 1968 and 1979<\/strong> (series Neophyti 1: Targum Palestinense MS of the Vatican Library<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The colophon<\/strong> the manuscript dates back to the copy<\/strong> in 1504 (Rome)<\/strong>\u2014that is to say, the witness<\/strong> it is late-medieval\/renaissance; no<\/strong> confused with the composition<\/strong> original of the targum. The codex features numerous glosses marginal<\/strong> with corrections and variants (a number close to the Pseudo-Jonathan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Dating and context of the work<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

The date of composition<\/strong> the Targum Neofiti is discussed<\/strong>. D\u00edez Macho, he defended a origin very early (first century ad. C.)<\/strong> with features of pre-christian (vocabulary, place names, a possible parallel new testament, etc). For its part, Martin McNamara<\/strong> proposed a frame, rear (IV century d. C.)<\/strong>. In any case, the consensus places targum western\/palestinian<\/strong> (language aramaic palestinian<\/strong>other than the aramaic babylonian<\/strong> of Onquelos).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Profile of the linguistic and textual<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Language:<\/strong> aramaic west known as \u201caramaic of palestine\u201d<\/strong> (unlike the eastern aramaic\/babylonian). Recorded loans Greek and Latin<\/strong>, a feature which is compatible with an environment western mediterranean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Format and device:<\/strong> the codex includes glosses marginal<\/strong> and variants; its been almost completely converted in the witness key<\/strong> for the palestinian family in front of the fragmentary nature of reality of other texts (\u201cFragment Targums<\/strong>\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Relationships text:<\/strong> by their nature, Neofiti often about<\/strong> to the Pseudo-Jonathan in passages expansive, although it maintains a profile<\/strong>; its continuity<\/strong> with the tradition palestine, it becomes indispensable to study the set of Targumim Yerushalm\u00ed\/Palestinians<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    5) Traits exegetical and theological<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Paraphrase interpretative:<\/strong> Neofiti added expansions midrashic<\/strong> that dealt with theological implications, moral or narrative of the Hebrew text; their degree of expansion is intermediate<\/strong> between Onquelos (more literal), and Pseudo-Jonathan (most verbose).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trends common to the targumes palestinians:<\/strong> avoidance of anthropomorphisms by way of finding difficulties with descriptions around theological and use of equivalent reverential; contextualizaciones historical; and occasional updates<\/strong> interpretive own environment sinagogal. (Characterization general of the palestinian family based in panoramas academic Brill and introductions The Aramaic Bible<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      the examples of verse-to-verse<\/strong> and the critical apparatus can be found in the editions and translations listed below and in digital resources that offer the aramaic text<\/strong> apparatus<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      6) Comparison with other Targumim on the Torah<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Onquelos (babylonian):<\/strong> version more literal<\/strong> and standardized in the field babylonian rabbinical; Neofiti, in turn, reflects western tradition<\/strong> with paraphrase<\/strong> and notes midrashic more frequent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Pseudo-Jonathan (western):<\/strong> often more long and flowery<\/strong> that Neofiti; the Neofiti<\/strong> is usually located between<\/strong> Onquelos and Pseudo-Jonathan in degree of expansion<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        7) Condition of the edition, and translations accesses<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Prince edition and studies<\/strong>: A. D\u00edez Macho<\/strong>, Neophyti 1: Targum Palestinense MS of the Vatican Library<\/em> (1968-1979). Founding milestone in the dissemination of modern text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • English translations series (academic):<\/strong> Martin McNamara<\/strong> and collaborators published Genesis<\/strong> (1992) and Exodus<\/strong> (1994, with notes of R. Hayward<\/strong>) in the collection The Aramaic Bible: The Targums<\/strong> (Liturgical Press). These are translations with introduction critical<\/strong> and device notes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Digital access:<\/strong> there are portals that present the aramaic text<\/strong> with comparison tools and apparatus (for example, Sefaria<\/strong> and AlHaTorah<\/strong>). Useful for reference and comparison, although the critical edition<\/strong> print remains the basis of academic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          8) Importance of academic<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

          Neofiti 1 is central<\/strong> to rebuild the tradition palestine<\/strong> the targumes for your integrity<\/strong> and profile exegetical<\/strong>. Its rediscovery in 1956 reallocated<\/strong> studies of targum, providing a witness continuous<\/strong> in front of the fragmentariness of other texts, western and offering a privileged window<\/strong> the aramaic palestinian<\/strong> and hermeneutics sinagogal<\/strong> tardoantigua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          9) Use and precautions performing<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Textual criticism:<\/strong> always distinguish<\/strong> between the date of the manuscript<\/strong> (copy of 1504), and the stratigraphy textual<\/strong> (layers and previous traditions).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Context is doctrinal:<\/strong> the paraphrase<\/strong> reflect readings performing<\/strong>; therefore, Neofiti is not a \u201cdictionary of equivalences\u201d of the Hebrew into aramaic, but a witness exegetical<\/strong> should be read along to Onquelos<\/strong>, Pseudo-Jonathan<\/strong> and Fragment Targums<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            The Targum Neofiti<\/strong> it is the pillar<\/strong> to study the palestinian family of targumes<\/strong>: a witness almost full<\/strong> of the Pentateuch in aramaic palestinian<\/strong>, with paraphrase exegetical<\/strong> own reading sinagogal tardoantigua. Your history handwritten singular<\/strong> (bad cataloged until the mid-TWENTIETH century) and its modern edition<\/strong> from 1968 convert it into a indispensable<\/strong> to understand the diversity of traditions targ\u00famicas in front of Onquelos and Pseudo-Jonathan.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Targum Neofiti: the voice hidden in the synagogues of Galilee<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":469,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[344],"tags":[369],"class_list":{"0":"post-468","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-targumim","8":"tag-targum-neofiti"},"yoast_head":"\nTargum Neofiti: origen, manuscrito y valor exeg\u00e9tico - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e9 es el Targum Neofiti, c\u00f3mo se descubri\u00f3 y por qu\u00e9 es clave para estudiar la tradici\u00f3n palestina del arameo b\u00edblico.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/targum-neofiti-la-voz-oculta-de-las-sinagogas-de-galilea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Targum Neofiti: origen, manuscrito y valor exeg\u00e9tico - 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