This is a phrase uttered by one of the leading researchers of the Dead Sea Scrolls:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cEach fragment found at Qumran not only reveals old word, but also the silences of a civilization that even we cannot understand.\u201d<\/strong> The classic says, \u201cthe essenes of Qumran\u201d, but today there is no final consensus<\/strong>: there is a hypothesis essene, variants (sadocitas, related groups), and models \u201cnon-sectarian\u201d (tank mixed-brought from Jerusalem or libraries, various). The archaeology of the settlement allows different readings (monastery essene, villa\/trading post, fort, workshop), and no end to the debate completely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> to correlate better stratigraphy, functional spaces and manuscripts; scale analysis of materials (DNA, inks, fibers) and the provenance secure fragments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The descriptions of Josephus, Philo and Pliny did not fit perfectly with the archaeological record, and textual. The identification \u201cone to one\u201d<\/strong> remains a reasonable inference, not a certainty demonstrated<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> indicators epigraphic unequivocal in situ or findings that bind directly names\/groups of sources with the spaces of Qumran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The historical figures behind these nicknames for the pesharim<\/em> continue without signing in with security. Have been proposed different names (priests asmoneos, Hyrcanus II, etc), but there is no conclusive evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> synchronize timelines, internal texts with events that are verifiable (numismatics, epigraphy) and new manuscripts\/readings that give you names of their own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Even with excavations and studies, there is no agreement<\/strong>: monastery essene and scriptorium vs. alternative interpretations<\/strong> (villa, because productive, fortification). Architecture pools\/miqva'ot, workshops, kilns, ovens) allows for more than one reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> mapping functional finest, microarqueolog\u00eda waste, and direct correlation with the practices described in Rule of the Community<\/em> and Document Damascus<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Numerous fragments lack of provenance of archaeological controlled (market of antiquaries of 40-60), which makes it hard to know what cave<\/strong> come and how to recompose<\/strong> rolls. The opening of \u201cCave 12\u201d (2017) showed, in addition, looting ancient<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> expand Ancient DNA<\/strong> scrolls and tanning substances, analysis of fibers\/trace elements and hyperspectral imaging for re-grouping fragments for \u201cfamily supplies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Research Museum of the Bible<\/strong> he demonstrated that all its 16 \u201cfragments RMM\u201d were false modern<\/strong>which forces re-audit in private collections<\/strong> and pieces without context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> protocols shared (ink, collagen, spectroscopy, isotopes, DNA) and publishing open from raw data to validate or discard parts doubtful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The list of deposits metallic\/treasures could be real, symbolic or \u201cinventory ideological\u201d. There is No correlate archaeological confirmed<\/strong> for their locations and amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> re-evaluate toponymy old with GIS\/LIDAR, field campaigns targeting and a chronology, the more accurate of the text and its dialect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Document Damascus<\/em>, the Rule<\/em>, the Pesharim<\/em>, etc, show rules\/theologies singular (solar calendar, purity, halachah), but circulation<\/strong> outside of Qumran and its origins<\/strong> are not entirely clear; the \u201cmobility\u201d of traditions is greater than previously believed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> mapping networks of textual (Qumran\u2013Damascus\u2013Masada\u2013Na\u1e25al \u1e24ever) and its evolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The DSS show pluriformity in the text (proto-MT, related to the LXX texts \u201cnon-aligned\u201d). We don't know<\/strong> if the community recognized a \u201ccanon\u201d closed. The absence of Esther<\/em> it can be casual or programmatic; it is still open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> more dating (C-14) and matches systematic book\/gender to measure authority liturgical vs. exegetical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The datings paleogr\u00e1ficas<\/strong> and by C-14<\/strong> often coincide, but there are cases ambiguous and the problem of contaminants<\/strong> (oils, preservatives) and skins reused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> series C-14 with cleaning chemical advanced, cross-checks of tanning and new calibration curves; IA applied to dating paleogr\u00e1fica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The AI applied to the Great scroll of Isaiah (1QIsaa)<\/strong> showed that at least two scribes<\/strong> copied with styles that are very close. The full scope of this co-writing<\/strong> in the rest of the corpus is still unknown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> we extend these methods (strokes\/letters) to other manuscripts and relate them to schools\/write concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The DSS illuminate debates about calendar, purity, eschatology<\/strong>; but not tested<\/strong> direct contacts with John the Baptist or Jesus. The claims of fragments of the NT in the Cave 7<\/strong> (e.g., 7Q5=Mark) are widely refuted<\/strong> in academic circles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> best chronology of the pesharim<\/em> and linguistic analysis\/rhetorical fine to distinguish convergence of influences real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The texts imply strict rules, but it is difficult to outline family structure, the role of women<\/strong> and disciplinary mechanisms<\/strong> beyond the normative ideal. The archaeological evidence does not close the box.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> new normative texts and correlates bioarqueol\u00f3gicos (e.g., human DNA old reliable, if one day we were ethically viable).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The \u201cCave 12<\/strong>\u201d revealed containers and ties without rolls (probably looting of the \u201950) and leaves open the possibility<\/strong> more deposits in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> systematic prospecting (LIDAR\/automation), and protection against expoliadores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yet there are passages of unreadable or doubtful. The image multispectral and hyperspectral's Leon Levy DSS Digital Library (IAA)<\/strong> advancing, but all is not recoverable<\/strong> still.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What's missing:<\/strong> new spectral bands, IA reconstruction of strokes and integrations with chemical data of ink\/media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What not determined<\/strong> of the DSS focuses on historic identities (characters and group)<\/strong>, origin and assembly material<\/strong> of part of the corpus, exact function of Qumran<\/strong>, status of the \u201ccanon\u201d, and circulation of textual<\/strong>, and the complete reading<\/strong> texts damaged. The techno-science<\/strong> (DNA, IA, hyperspectral, chemistry of inks) is already changing the map<\/strong>but still does not offer \u201cverdicts unique\u201d about authors, places and timelines fine. The critical consensus<\/strong> it is modest, and dynamic; the \u201cbig question\u201d is whether new caves or techniques will close<\/strong>\u2014or reformulate<\/strong>\u2014these puzzles.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Los grandes enigmas de los Rollos del Mar Muerto<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[383,382],"class_list":{"0":"post-509","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-qumran","8":"tag-qumran","9":"tag-rollos-del-mar-muerto"},"yoast_head":"\n
\u2014 Geza Vermes (1924-2013), historian and biblical scholar specializing in the Dead Sea Scrolls.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nRiddles central is still open<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
1) Who exactly were the authors\/owners of the library?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2) What is the exact relationship between Qumran and the essenes of the classical sources?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3) Who was the Master of Justice<\/strong> (Teacher of Righteousness) and who is the Priest Wicked<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4) What is the role of met exactly the settlement of Qumran?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5) What is the all coming real<\/strong> of many fragments and how to assemble?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
6) how came the counterfeiting modern<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
7) What treasure<\/strong> really describes the Roll of Copper (3Q15)<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
8) What as \u201csectarian\u201d texts are \u201csectarian\u201d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
9) What canon<\/strong> biblical used? What we say the variants?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
10) What internal chronology<\/strong> exact have several manuscripts key?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
11) how Many scribes<\/strong> intervened and how they worked?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
12) how far reaching the links<\/strong> with the judaism of the Second Temple and the early christianity?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
13) What community practices<\/strong> not end-of-set (family, women, marriage)?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
14) what Are caves<\/strong> and texts to discover?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
15) What readings<\/strong> remain hidden in fragments damaged?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nSpecific issues with open-ended questions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\nMethodologies that are now changing what we \u201cdo not know\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\nWhat certainty we do have (and its limits)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\nLines of research that can unlock puzzles<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\nConclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n