{"id":667,"date":"2025-09-01T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=667"},"modified":"2025-12-23T20:19:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T03:19:49","slug":"purim-significado-leyes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/purim-significado-leyes\/","title":{"rendered":"Between masks and miracles: the spiritual power of Purim"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201cEven when His Name is not mentioned, God is present in every line of the Book of Esther.\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 Midrash Rabbah<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Pur\u00edm (\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd): full and detailed study<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

1) Definition and biblical foundation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pur\u00edm is a holiday rabbinical that commemorates the salvation of the jews from the decree of annihilation promoted by Haman in the days of the Persian empire under king Ajashverosh. Its primary basis is the Book of Esther<\/strong>, instituted to celebrate the 14th and 15th of adar<\/strong> with the public reading of the meguil\u00e1 (Esther), banquet, sending portions of food and gifts to the poor. The text itself explains the name: pur<\/em> = \u201clot\/batch\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) historical-literary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The story is set in Persia; the identification of historical Ajashverosh with Xerxes I is proposed classical but not conclusive. A datum is the singular of the book is the the absence of the name of God<\/strong>, which in the tradition is linked to the theme of the hide<\/em> (hester panim) and salvation through means \u201cnatural\u201d. The institution of Pur\u00edm as a permanent standard is fixed in Esther 9:20-32<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Calendar: when do you celebrate?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Cities are not walled<\/strong>: 14 adar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Walled cities \u201cfrom the days of Joshua\u201d (e.g., Jerusalem)<\/strong>: 15 adar (Shush\u00e1n Pur\u00edm<\/em>). This rule comes from the Mishnah (Meguil\u00e1 1:1) and recognizes the status of the Land of Israel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Year Hebrew leap<\/strong>: there is adar I and adar II; Pur\u00edm is celebrated in adar II<\/strong>. Adar I is marked Pur\u00edm Kat\u00e1n<\/strong> (14 adar (I) without mitzvot formal; it is not said Tajan\u00fan<\/em> or you are fasting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ta'anit Esther (Fast of Esther)<\/strong>: 13 adar; if the 13th falls on Shabbat, the fast is brought forward to Thursday the 11th of adar. It is a fast minor by teshuvah and memory of the facts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Pur\u00edm Meshulash (triduum in Jerusalem)<\/strong>: when 15 adar falls on Shabbat, the mitzvot are distributed between Friday\u2013Shabbat\u2013Sunday (e.g., meguil\u00e1 and matanot la evyonim<\/em> Friday; The Hanis\u00edm<\/em> and reading \u201cVayav\u00f3 Amalek<\/em>\u201d on Shabbat; seud\u00e1<\/em> and mishloaj manot<\/em> the Sunday).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u201cPur\u00edm teaches that miracles do not always descend from the sky; sometimes they walk among us disguised.\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 Rav Eliyahu Dessler<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    4) The four mitzvot of the day<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    4.1 public Reading of the Meguil\u00e1 of Esther<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Mandatory night and day<\/strong> (two readings). The source talmudic main is Meguil\u00e1 4a; the Shulchan Aruch OJ 687<\/strong> coding times: all the night; and on that day from sunrise (ex-post from amud hash\u00e1jar<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Who is required<\/strong>: men and women (because \u201cthey also were involved in the miracle\u201d). There is discussion about whether a woman can do to fulfill a male; the practice varies by community.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Blessings<\/strong>: before you read, recite three (the mikr\u00e1 meguil\u00e1<\/em>, sheas\u00e1 nisim<\/em>, shehejeianu<\/em>); after the reading, when there is a minyan, Harav et riveinu<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Details of the reading<\/strong>: reads in roll-kosher; it is customary to read fluently the ten sons of Haman in a single exhalation; community responds with clutter to the name of Haman (custom).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      4.2 Mishloaj manot<\/strong> (sending of portions)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Minimum<\/strong>: two servings of foods ready-to-eat (or drink), a person<\/strong>. The ideal is more and quality. Source: OJ 695:4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        4.3 Matanot la evyonim<\/strong> (gifts to the poor)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Minimum<\/strong>: two gifts to two poor<\/strong>, one to each. The budgetary priority of Pur\u00edm favors this mitzvah above the banquet and the mishloaj manot<\/em> when resources are limited. Primary source: Rambam, Hil. Meguil\u00e1 2:15-17<\/strong> and OJ 694<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          4.4 Seudat Pur\u00edm<\/strong> (banquet holiday)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Day<\/strong> (the evening meal does not exempt). It is customary to meat and wine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Drinking \u201cad delo yad\u00e1\u201d<\/strong>: the gemara (Meg. 7b) speaks to rejoice, to not discern, \u201ccursed is Haman \/ blessed is Mordechai\u201d, but the poskim make it clear that it is enough joy moderate<\/strong> or sleeping after drinking a bit; being drunk in a irresponsible way is out of the halachah<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u201cIn Pur\u00edm, the man is disguised, but it reveals its soul.\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            5) Liturgy and readings of the day<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • The Hanis\u00edm<\/strong> in Amid\u00e1 and Birkat Hammaz\u00f3n. Do not say Hallel (the meguil\u00e1 makes its function).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Reading of the Torah (the morning of Pur\u00edm)<\/strong>: Exodus 17:8-16<\/strong> (Vayav\u00f3 Amalek<\/em>), three aliot. In Shabbat Zajor<\/em> (prior to Pur\u00edm) reads Deuteronomy 25:17-19<\/strong> to remember Amalek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              6) geographical Variants and techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Walled cities (Shush\u00e1n Pur\u00edm)<\/strong>: 15 of adar; the criterion \u201cand from the days of Joshua\u201d is mishnaico and unlinks the status of if today preserved wall. Jerusalem celebrates the 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Old provisions of villages<\/strong>: the Mishnah allows (theoretically) reads the 11-12-13 by market needs; practice fallen into disuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                7) The fast of Esther (Ta anit Esther)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                Fasting less from the dawn to the night<\/strong> on the 13th of adar (before Pur\u00edm); if it coincides with Shabbat, is brought forward to Thursday. Exemptions for pregnant women, infants, or the sick are common.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n

                \u201cPur\u00edm is the triumph of moral courage on the political indifference.\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 Rabbi Jonathan Sacks<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                8) Customs and symbolism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Costumes and satire<\/strong> (Pur\u00edm-shp\u00edl), matonot<\/strong> not to discriminate against the applicant (\u201call who extends the hand receives\u201d), noise at the mention of Haman<\/em>* (grager). They are habits-oriented pirsum\u00e9 nisa<\/em> (publicizing the miracle) and to strengthen the social unit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Half shekel<\/strong> (zejer lemajatzit hashekel<\/em>): custom pre-Pur\u00edm to donate the symbolic value, not the obligation, to oraita today. (A practice widely spread in the poskim contemporary).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  9) Halachic practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Night of 14<\/strong> (or 15 in walled cities): meguil\u00e1 with blessings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Day<\/strong>: meguil\u00e1 in the morning; matanot la evyonim<\/strong> (at least two poor people); mishloaj manot<\/strong> (two portions-to-one); seud\u00e1<\/strong> in the afternoon, with joy. The Hanis\u00edm<\/strong> all day.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    10) frequently asked Questions and common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • What is met with only listening to?<\/strong> Yes, who listen<\/strong> a reader competent meets; you must hear every word. (Meguil\u00e1 18a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • What Mishloaj manot \u201ctwo-blessings different\u201d?<\/strong> It is not a requirement; the minimum is two food<\/strong> ready for consumption, although of the same beraj\u00e1<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • What can be replaced matanot la evyonim<\/em> for a donation generic?<\/strong> Not: the money of Pur\u00edm is for poor that same day<\/strong>; do not stray.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Do you work allowed?<\/strong> Pur\u00edm is not Yom Tov bible; you can technically work, but the custom is to avoid tasks that remain to the joy of the day (see OJ 696-697, practice, community).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      11) theological Meanings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                      Pur\u00edm underlines the providence hidden<\/strong>: the salvation arrives without miracles and manifest through human decisions (Esther and Mordechai). The double-read (night\/day) reinforces the continuing memory of the miracle. The proximity with Zajor<\/strong> connect Pur\u00edm with the struggle ethics against Amalek: to remember and to remove the evil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n\n\n\n

                      Nuclear sources (to learn more)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Tanakh \u2013 Book of Esther<\/strong> (read comprehensive; the institution of 14\/15 of adar; \u201cpur<\/em> = batch\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Mishnah\/Talmud \u2013 Treaty Meguil\u00e1<\/strong> (dates, obligations, details of reading).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 686-697<\/strong> (fasting of Esther; reading night\/day; seud\u00e1; mishloaj manot<\/em>; matanot la evyonim<\/em>; Pur\u00edm Kat\u00e1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Rambam, Hilchot Meguil\u00e1 2<\/strong> (priority of charity; minimum requirements; spirit of the day).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Associated reading<\/strong>: Vayav\u00f3 Amalek<\/em> (Ex 17:8-16) in the morning of Pur\u00edm; Zajor<\/em> (Dt 25:17-19) the Shabbat prior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Pur\u00edm Meshulash<\/strong> (distribution of mitzvot when 15 adar falls on Shabbat, in force in Jerusalem).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n

                        Checklist final<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • To confirm if your city is 14<\/strong> or 15th of adar<\/strong> (Shush\u00e1n Pur\u00edm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Attend meguil\u00e1 night and day<\/strong> (listen to every word; with blessings).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Prepare mishloaj manot<\/strong>: minimum 2 food 1 person<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Prepare matanot la evyonim<\/strong>: minimum 1 donation 2-poor<\/strong> (on that day).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Make seud\u00e1 day<\/strong> with joy responsible (ad delo yad\u00e1<\/em> interpreted with moderation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Say The Hanis\u00edm<\/strong> (Amid\u00e1 and Birkat Hammaz\u00f3n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Observe Ta'anit Esther<\/strong> (unless exempt) on the 13th of adar; if it falls on Shabbat, fast forward to Thursday.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          \n

                          \u201cThe laughter of Pur\u00edm is a laughter that overcame the fear.\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 Yehuda Amijai, poet israeli<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Purim: meaning, essential laws and customs<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":668,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[342],"tags":[445,444],"class_list":{"0":"post-667","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-moadim","8":"tag-ester","9":"tag-purim"},"yoast_head":"\nPur\u00edm: significado, leyes y costumbres esenciales - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gu\u00eda completa de la Fiesta de Pur\u00edm: origen b\u00edblico, calendario, mitzvot, halaj\u00e1 y simbolismo de la festividad.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/purim-significado-leyes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pur\u00edm: significado, leyes y costumbres esenciales - 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