{"id":725,"date":"2025-10-06T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=725"},"modified":"2025-12-15T19:40:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T02:40:21","slug":"midrash-rabba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/midrash-rabba\/","title":{"rendered":"Where the Torah speaks in parables: the universe of the Midrash Rabb\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201cThe Midrash does not explain the Torah: the does talk.\u201d<\/strong>
\u2014 Emmanuel Levinas (French philosopher of jewish origin)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1) What is \u201cMidrash Rabb\u00e1\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMidrash Rabb\u00e1\u201d it is not a single unified work<\/strong>but a collective title the modern-printed<\/strong> to ten midrashim ag\u00e1dicos<\/strong>: five on the Torah (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) and five on the Meguilot<\/em> (Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther). The label \u201cRabb\u00e1\/\u2018Rabbot\u2019\u201d (\u201cGreat\u201d) was born with Genesis Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> and later spread to other; only in the press, a venetian of the SIXTEENTH century it consolidated the whole as the \u201cMidrash Rabbot\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key point:<\/strong> are separate compilations<\/strong>of periods, styles and different purposes (between late antiquity and the high Middle Ages). Should not be read as a \u201ccorpus\u201d closed-homogeneous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Composition of the set (picture per book)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Pentateuch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • GENESIS RABB\u00c1 (Bereishit Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
    Date\/Place:<\/strong> Palestine late-roman, ca. centuries V beginning VI<\/strong> (approx. 426-500 d.C.).
    Features:<\/strong> exegetical-continuous, verse to verse; Hebrew mishnaico with arame\u00edsmos; abundant\u00edsima aggad\u00e1<\/em>. Critical edition classic: Theodor\u2013Albeck<\/strong>, 1912-1936.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • EXODUS RABB\u00c1 (Shemot Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
    Composite structure<\/strong> (two sections of different hand and date) and a strong dependence of the literature Tanchuma-Yelammedenu<\/strong> (gender homiletical medieval). Final draft medieval<\/strong> (older kernels).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • LEVITICUS RABB\u00c1 (Vayikra Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
    Date\/Place:<\/strong> current consensus: century V<\/strong> in the Land of Israel<\/strong> (although Zunz proposed later). Homilies organized with prologues (peti\u1e25tot<\/em>)<\/strong> following the ancient three-year cycle<\/strong>. Critical edition more: M. Margulies<\/strong>, 5 vols., 1953-1960<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • NUMBERS RABB\u00c1 (Bamidbar Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
    Work double<\/strong>:
    \u2013 Part I (chaps. 1-14)<\/strong>: exegetical, probably more early.
    \u2013 Part II (chaps. 15\u2013 end)<\/strong>: almost identical to the Midrash Tanchuma<\/strong> in Num. 8-36; drafting high\/full medieval (s. XI\u2013XII)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • DEUTERONOMY RABB\u00c1 (Devarim Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
    Linked to the gender Tanchuma<\/strong>; there two traditions<\/strong> so-called \u201cDevarim Rabb\u00e1\u201d; that circulates in \u201cRabb\u00e1\u201d is homiletic, closing medieval, with previous materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Five Meguilot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Song OF SOLOMON RABB\u00c1 (Shir ha-Shirim Rabb\u00e1 \/ Aggadat \u1e24azita<\/em>)<\/strong>
      Compilation ancient palestine (tann\u00e1\u2013amoraica) read allegorically (D-Israel). Cited by Rashi; served as a source for Pesiqta Rabbati<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • RUTH RABB\u00c1<\/strong>
      Spirit palestinian; baby Yerushalmi, Genesis Rabb\u00e1, Leviticus Rabb\u00e1 and Eij\u00e1 Rabbat\u00ed<\/em>. First print edition: Pesaro, 1519<\/strong>; the title \u201cRabb\u00e1\u201d is imposed in printed venetians later.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • LAMENTATIONS RABB\u00c1 (Eij\u00e1 Rabbat\u00ed)<\/strong>
      Between midrashim oldest<\/strong>, with 36 prologues consecutive<\/strong> and abundant material on the destruction of the Temple; jewish-palestinian, with loans greeks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • ECCLESIASTES RABB\u00c1 (Kohelet Rabb\u00e1)<\/strong>
      Comment verse to verse; tradition compilatoria complex (materials of the fourth century in Galilee; essays later).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • ESTHER RABB\u00c1<\/strong>
      Two pieces fused together<\/strong>:
      \u2013 Esther Rabb\u00e1 I<\/strong> (older, ca. s. VI, Palestine, exegetical).
      \u2013 Esther Rabb\u00e1 II<\/strong> (later, ca. s. XI, a narrative that expansive).
      Fusion s. XII\u2013XIII<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      \u201cWhere the story ends, begins the interpretation.\u201d<\/strong>
      \u2014 Rabbi Yehuda ben Shimon, according to tradition midr\u00e1shica medieval<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      3) Genres and literary techniques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Exegetical continuous<\/strong> (e.g., Genesis Rabb\u00e1, parts of Exodus\/Numbers): comments verse-by-verse, juxtaposed voices rabbinical integrates philology popular and aggad\u00e1<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Homiletical (Tanchuma-Yelammedenu)<\/strong>: organization for passages of reading; prologues (peti\u1e25tot<\/em>)<\/strong> that link back to a verse outside with the torah portion of the day; formulas of opening \u201cYelammedenu rabbenu...<\/em>\u201d. This brand Leviticus Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> and a good part of Exodus\/Deuteronomy\/Numbers Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        4) Language, fonts, and milieux<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Hebrew mishnaico<\/strong> with arama\u00edsmos; in ancient works appear helenismos<\/strong> (e.g., Eij\u00e1 Rabbat\u00ed<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Internal sources<\/strong>: Yerushalmi, other midrashim palestinians (e.g., Pesiqta de-Rav Kahana<\/em>), tradition tann\u00e1-amoraica<\/em>; in sections medieval, use\/absorption Tanchuma<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Context<\/strong>: Palestine tardoantigua (Genesis and Leviticus Rabb\u00e1) with critical dialogues in front of Rome; stages in medieval Europe\/Provence and Catalonia (consolidation \u201cRabbot\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          5) Transmission: manuscripts, early prints and critical editions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Manuscripts key (Genesis Rabb\u00e1):<\/strong> Brit. Mus. Add. 27169; Vatican, 30 and 60, among others; the basis of the edition Theodor\u2013Albeck<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Editio princeps (Pentateuch):<\/strong> Constantinople, 1512<\/strong>milestone but with inaccuracies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • First impression joint Pentateuch + Meguilot:<\/strong> Venice, 1545<\/strong> (please print venetian; consolidation of the label \u201cMidrash Rabbot\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Meguilot (ed. princeps):<\/strong> Pesaro, 1519<\/strong> (Ruth, etc).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Critical editions modern highlights:<\/strong>
            \u2013 Genesis Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>: Theodor\u2013Albeck<\/strong>, 1912-1936.
            \u2013 Leviticus Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>: Mordechai Margulies<\/strong>, 1953-1960.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u201cIn every generation, the Midrash re-written, because the man continues to ask.\u201d<\/strong>
            \u2014 Martin Buber<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            6) Contents and sample topics<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Theology and history<\/strong>: establishment, patriarchs, exiles, Temple, relationship, God-Israel (e.g., Sing Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> in key allegorical).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Preaching and liturgy<\/strong>: peti\u1e25tot<\/em> multiple in Eij\u00e1 Rabbat\u00ed<\/strong> (36 in a row), indication of use sinagogal in fasting and Tish\u00e1 BeAv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Methods<\/strong>: etymologies midr\u00e1shicas, parables, proverbs, quotations chained; integration of materials hagiographic and folklore rabbinic. (Overview academic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              7) Timeline guidance (consensus current academic)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Old (s. V\u2013VI, Palestine):<\/strong> Genesis Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>, Leviticus Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>, Lamentations Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>, older layers of Sing<\/strong> and Esther Rabb\u00e1 I<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Intermediate\/mixed:<\/strong> Ruth Rabb\u00e1<\/strong>, Ecclesiastes Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> (ancient tradition with redactions further).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Medieval or closing medieval:<\/strong> Exodus Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> (composite), Numbers Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> (Part II ~ Tanchuma), Deuteronomy Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> (Tanchuma).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                8) How to read them today (use academic and pedagogical)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Filol\u00f3gicamente:<\/strong> always critical editions<\/strong> and equipment variants<\/strong> (Theodor\u2013Albeck; Margulies to Vayikra Rabb\u00e1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Comparatively:<\/strong> compare Tanchuma-Yelammedenu<\/strong> in Exodus\/Numbers\/Deuteronomy to distinguish layers and loans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Contextually:<\/strong> locate homilies on the cycles of the liturgical three-year\/holiday) and in controversial late-roman (e.g., critical legality roman in Leviticus Rabb\u00e1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Digital access (text and translation\/indices):<\/strong> Sefaria<\/strong> it offers ten \u201cRabb\u00e1\u201d with introductory notes useful to date, structure and bibliography.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n

                  \u201cInterpreting is a way of praying.\u201d<\/strong>
                  \u2014 Abraham Joshua Heschel<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                  9) common Mistakes you should avoid<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Try \u201cMidrash Rabb\u00e1\u201d as unique work<\/strong>: it is not.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Assume that everything is tardo-antique<\/strong>: several sections are medieval<\/strong> with a strong imprint Tanchuma<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. Cite without critical edition: e.g., Genesis Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> should be consulted Theodor\u2013Albeck<\/strong>; Leviticus Rabb\u00e1<\/strong> with Margulies<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    \u201cWho sits to the Midrash, it sits at the heart of judaism.\u201d<\/strong>
                    \u2014 Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Midrash Rabb\u00e1: qu\u00e9 es, composici\u00f3n y cronolog\u00eda<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[343],"tags":[469],"class_list":{"0":"post-725","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-midrashim","8":"tag-midrash-rabba"},"yoast_head":"\nMidrash Rabb\u00e1: qu\u00e9 es, composici\u00f3n y cronolog\u00eda - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e9 es el Midrash Rabb\u00e1, su composici\u00f3n, g\u00e9neros, cronolog\u00eda y claves para leer esta obra central de la literatura rab\u00ednica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/midrash-rabba\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Midrash Rabb\u00e1: qu\u00e9 es, composici\u00f3n y cronolog\u00eda - 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