{"id":810,"date":"2025-10-27T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=810"},"modified":"2025-12-13T19:29:15","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T02:29:15","slug":"boetusianos-omer-calendario","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/boetusianos-omer-calendario\/","title":{"rendered":"The Boethusians: the elite priests who challenged the calendar and the Oral Law"},"content":{"rendered":"

Babylonian Talmud, Menajot 65a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cThe Baitusim said the Omer should be cut after the Sabbath, for it is written: \u2018on the day following the Shabbat\u2019. But the wise answered: \u2018Shabbat\u2019 here means the holiday, not on the sabbath\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1) What were and where did they come from<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Identity and etymology.<\/strong> \u201cBoethusians\u201d designates a group akin to the sadducees<\/strong>, whose name is linked to the priests house of Boeto<\/strong> (Boethus) that reached the dome of the Temple under Herod. The rabbinic literature are treated as a sub-group sadducean cultured; the Jewish Encyclopedia<\/strong> and Encyclopedia.com<\/strong> pick up this interpretation and its classical sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Link with the priestly aristocracy.<\/strong> Herod appointed high priest Simon ben Boeto<\/strong> (c. 25-24 to. C.) and, since then, several members of that family Boeto<\/strong> occupied the office; Josephus list to several high priests of that house. This explains the political weight-temple of the Baitusim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chronology of activity.<\/strong> Its peak is situated in the I century a. C. and up to the destruction of the Temple (70 ce. C.)<\/strong>. Britannica<\/strong> and Encyclopedia.com<\/strong> put your existence in the last century of the Second Temple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2) primary Sources on which they appear<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Talmud\/Mishna.<\/strong> They are explicitly mentioned in Menajot 65a<\/strong> for the dispute on the Omer<\/strong> and the computer to Shavuot<\/strong>; and Rosh Hashanah 22b<\/strong> in an attempt to corrupt witnesses to the novilunio<\/strong> to alter the timetable. The Mishnah also alludes to a public measures to counter them (cutting of the Omer \u201cwith pageantry\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Midrash halachic and rabbinic tradition.<\/strong> The Sifr\u00e1<\/strong> (Ajarei-Mot), and parallel passages collected a dispute over the incense of Yom Kippur<\/strong> (if you are going on inside or outside the Holy of Holies), associating the position dissident sadducees\/boetusianos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Flavius Josephus.<\/strong> Do not use \u201cBoethusians\u201d as a sect, but documents the house of Boeto<\/strong> and its role in the high priesthood herodian, which serves as a historical background.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      3) the Doctrine and disputes hal\u00e1jicas key<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

      Although the sources rabbinical make up de facto in the universe sadducean cultured, of the passages we infer the following profile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Rejection of the Oral Law and literal reading of the Torah<\/strong> (a trait shared with the sadducees). This explains their positions in calendar and ritual.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Omer calendar of Shavuot.<\/strong> For the wise men (pharisees), \u201cmy-ma\u00f1\u00e1jat ha-shabbat<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cthe next day of \u2018shabbat\u2019\u201d, Lev 23) is understood as the next day, the first Yom Tov of Passover<\/strong>; for the Baitusim<\/strong>, \u201cshabbat\u201d = Saturday<\/strong>, so that the Omer<\/strong> fall always on the Sunday and Shavuot<\/strong> also on Sunday. The Mishnah records that, in this dispute, the cutting of the Omer<\/strong> it was a liturgy public questions and answers for shielding the official practice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Testimony of the novilunio (Rosh Jodesh).<\/strong> The Baitusim bribed witnesses<\/strong> to fix bad the new moon, and thus force their calendar; the Talmud tells of a wise made them pass through the witness purchased and unmasked the maneuver.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Yom Kippur \u2013 incense of the High Priest.<\/strong> They argued that the incense should be placed onto the coals outside<\/em> the Holy of Holies<\/strong> and enter as smoking; the wise normaron otherwise (enter with coals and incense and burn it within<\/em><\/strong>). This dispute is contained in Sifr\u00e1 Ajarei-Mot<\/strong> and in the talmudic tradition (Yom\u00e1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Funds of the sacrifice (Tamid).<\/strong> Another controversy (Menajot 65a) the sample questioning<\/strong> the Tamid<\/strong> should be covered with public funds<\/strong>; the sages insisted on his character community<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Notes doctrinal related to the sadducees:<\/strong> several reference works, point out that, as the sadducees, they denied the resurrection and the immortality of the soul<\/strong> and concentrated support in the wealthy elite<\/strong>although in rabbinic texts this is mentioned in a general way (not always separating \u201csadducees\u201d and \u201cboetusianos\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n

        \u201cThe Baitusim tried to deceive the court by bringing false witnesses to change the date of the novilunio. But Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai discovered and established new rules for the witnesses.\u201d
        (Rosh Hashanah 22b).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        4) Position of social and political<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Aristocracy of the Temple.<\/strong> The power of the house of Boeto<\/strong> under Herod explains the projection policy<\/strong> of its supporters: they were a faction priestly<\/strong> with access to worship, to the Sanhedrin, and the resources of the Temple. Josephus and lists of high priests illustrate the frequency with which the family Boeto<\/strong> he served at times herodians and romans early.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Relationship with the sadducees.<\/strong> The majority of specialists looks like subset sadducean cultured<\/strong> (not a sect completely separate), although Schiffman<\/strong> warns that could go back before<\/strong> Simon ben Boeto, and that there are parallel with Qumran<\/strong> in certain faults calendrical.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          5) geographic Extent and chronology functional<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Center: Jerusalem \/ the Temple Mount.<\/strong> Their disputes are rituals of the Temple<\/strong> (omer, Yom Kippur, Tamid), which indicates an anchor jerusalemita<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Decline and disappearance.<\/strong> As the sadducees, disappear<\/strong> the history of organized after 70 d. C.<\/strong>, to destroy the Temple and lost its institutional base.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            6) Legacy halachic and historical<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Reinforcement of public proceedings<\/strong> for the Omer<\/strong> (Menajot 10:4) and strict controls<\/strong> about witnesses of the new moon<\/strong> (Rosh Hashanah 22b), both designed for neutralize sectarian agendas<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Fixing pharisaic-rabbinic calendar<\/strong> (Shavuot the 6 Siv\u00e1n, according to computation rabbinical), against the Sunday fixed<\/strong> advocated by baitusianos\/sadducees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              7) what is differentiated from other streams?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • In front of pharisees:<\/strong> discrepancy method (Oral Tradition<\/strong> vs. literalism) and social power<\/strong> (elite priestly vs. leadership rabbinical-popular).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • In front of the essenes\/Qumran:<\/strong> although there are parallel calendrical<\/strong>the essenes separated<\/strong> their worship of the Temple, while the Baitusim<\/strong> fight for control<\/strong> your ritual from within<\/strong>. (Schiffman discusses possible connections, no final consensus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n

                \u201cThe Baitusim said, the incense should be placed onto the coals out of the Holy of Holies, and enter it as smoky. The sages said: no, should be placed inside, before the Lord.\u201d
                (Sifr\u00e1, Ajarei Mot, 3:2).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                8) State of the question (historiography)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • The rabbinic tradition<\/strong> which makes result \u201csadducees\u201d and \u201cboetusianos\u201d two disciples of Antigonus of Sojo<\/strong> (Zadok and Boeto) is seen as legendary<\/strong> or not historical<\/strong> on the part of much modern scholarship; the substrate historical<\/strong> verifiable is the family Boeto<\/strong> and its insertion on the cusp priestly herodiana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  Bibliography and sources of verification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Passages of talmud:<\/strong> Menajot 65a (Omer\/Tamid), Rosh Hashanah 22b (novilunio).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Midrash halachic \/ Yom Kippur:<\/strong> Sifr\u00e1 Ajarei-Mot (dispute of incense).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • References summary:<\/strong> Jewish Encyclopedia; Encyclopedia.com; Britannica.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • House of Boeto and high priests:<\/strong> compendiums from Josephus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Academic analysis:<\/strong> Lawrence H. Schiffman on sectarianism in the Second Temple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    \u201cThe Torah does not need interpreters; just read what is written.\u201d<\/strong>
                    \u2014 The principle that differed from the pharisees, who were the Oral Law.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                    \n\n\n\n

                    Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    The Baitusim\/Boetusianos<\/strong> were a faction priestly aristocratic<\/strong>closely related to the sadducees<\/strong>active in the final stretch of the Second Temple<\/strong>. Its distinctive features emerge in disputes hal\u00e1jicas<\/strong> high-impact (computing Omer\/Shavuot<\/strong>, novilunio<\/strong>, service of Yom Kippur<\/strong>, financing of the Tamid<\/strong>), always with literal reading<\/strong> Writing and resistance<\/strong> to authority pharisaic-rabbinic<\/strong>. Your power<\/strong> derived from the priests house of Boeto<\/strong> low Herod<\/strong>; its disappearance<\/strong>, of the ruin of the Temple<\/strong> in the 70's. The law rabbinic<\/strong> later crystallized, in part, as answer<\/strong> their attempts to influence the calendar and the ritual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n

                    \u201cThe time of the festivities to mark the sabbath, not men.\u201d<\/strong>
                    \u2014 An allusion to his doctrine on the counting of the Omer and Shavuot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u201cThe priesthood is the measure of purity; the wise men only are the voices of men.\u201d<\/strong>
                    \u2014 The expression of his hierarchical view of the priesthood as the center of authority.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Boetusianos: \u00d3mer, calendario y poder sacerdotal<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[495,496,497,498],"class_list":{"0":"post-810","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-qumran","8":"tag-baitusim","9":"tag-boethusians","10":"tag-boetusianos","11":"tag-saduceos"},"yoast_head":"\nBoetusianos: \u00d3mer, calendario y poder sacerdotal - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qui\u00e9nes fueron los Boetusianos, su disputa en Menajot 65a, el \u00d3mer, Shavuot y su conflicto con la halaj\u00e1 rab\u00ednica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/boetusianos-omer-calendario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Boetusianos: \u00d3mer, calendario y poder sacerdotal - 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