{"id":843,"date":"2025-10-19T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=843"},"modified":"2025-12-13T20:12:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T03:12:32","slug":"rabi-elazar-ben-shamua-etica-honor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/rabi-elazar-ben-shamua-etica-honor\/","title":{"rendered":"Rabbi Elazar ben Sham\u00faa: the legacy of The koh\u00e9n wise"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u201cIt is the honor of your student so dear to thee as thine own, for the honor of your partner as the fear of thy master, and the fear of your teacher as the fear of Heaven.\u201d<\/strong><br>(<em>Pirkei Avot 4:12<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rabbi Elazar ben Sham\u00faa (s. II EC) \u2014 Tana fourth generation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identity and chronology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabbi <strong>Elazar ben Sham\u00faa<\/strong> (also cited simply as \u201cRabbi Elazar\u201d) was a tana of <strong>fourth generation<\/strong> active after the revolt of Bar Kojb\u00e1 (132-136 CE). Classical sources describe it as <strong>koh\u00e9n<\/strong> and <strong>great fortune<\/strong>widely quoted in the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and midrashim hal\u00e1jicos. He was a disciple featured <strong>Rabbi Akiva<\/strong> and, according to tradition, <strong>teacher of Rabbi Yehuda hanassi<\/strong> (editor of the Mishnah).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical context<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the <strong>persecutions hadri\u00e1nicas<\/strong>Akiva could not give semij\u00e1. After the death of Akiva, <strong>Yehuda ben Bav\u00e1<\/strong> ordered a group of scholars \u2014among them Meir, Yose ben Jalafta, Yehuda bar Ilai, Shimon bar Yoj\u00e1i and <strong>Elazar ben Sham\u00faa<\/strong>\u2014 in a place between <strong>Usha<\/strong> and <strong>Shefar'am<\/strong>; the buyer was executed by the romans, while the ordained escaped and became the <strong>main transmitters<\/strong> of the Torah in that generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teachers and colleagues<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Though he ended up as a faithful disciple of <strong>Rabbi Akiva<\/strong>sources listed teachers before (e.g., <strong>Rabbi Tarfon<\/strong> and other), and placed him in intensive interaction halachic with <strong>Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai<\/strong>, as well as with <strong>Rabbi Shimon bar Yoj\u00e1i<\/strong>. These names are placed on the <strong>circle south<\/strong> of followers of Akiva, responsible to \u201crevive\u201d the study after the death of the pupils of Akiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discipleship and school<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sources am\u00f3ricas emphasize the prestige of his <strong>bet midrash<\/strong>: it is said that he was so busy that <strong>six students shared the space of a cubit<\/strong>, and that <strong>Rav<\/strong> he called it \u201cthe most excellent among the wise\u201d, while <strong>Rabbi Yochanan<\/strong> he praised the breadth of his heart. It is considered that <strong>many of their mishnaiot<\/strong> passed on the final corpus by the hand of <strong>Yehuda hanassi<\/strong>. Among his students quote <strong>Yehuda hanassi<\/strong> e <strong>Iss\u00ed haBavl\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u201cI never used the house of prayer as a shortcut, or spent on the heads of the public, nor I lifted my hands to bless without uttering first blessing.\u201d<\/strong><br>(<em>Talmud Bavl\u00ed, Meguil\u00e1 27b<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Personal traits and anecdotes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Longevity and merits:<\/strong> when asked why they deserved to long life, he replied with three practices: <strong>do not use the synagogue as a shortcut<\/strong>, <strong>do not pass over the heads of the public<\/strong> (coming in late and stepped between the rows of students), and <strong>do not raise the hands for the priestly blessing without reciting before the previous blessing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Learning tefillah:<\/strong> a midrash tells that initially refused to officiate for modesty or lack of expertise; after learning with <strong>Akiva<\/strong>, he turned and led the prayer with solvency. The public commented that \u201c<strong>he broke out the muzzle<\/strong>\u201d (a play with <em>\u1e25asam<\/em>, \u201cenmordazar\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ethical teachings (Agad\u00e1)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pirkei Avot 4:12:<\/strong> \u201c<strong>It is the honor of your student so dear to thee as thine own; for the honor of your colleague as the fear of thy master; and the fear of your teacher as the fear of Heaven<\/strong>\u201d. This synthesizes its ethics <strong>kavod<\/strong> (honor) in the string, the master\u2013fellow\u2013disciple.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Study and benevolence:<\/strong> recommended <strong>Torah and guemilut jasadim<\/strong> as protection from the trials and tribulations premesi\u00e1nicas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The foundation of the world:<\/strong> \u201cThe world is sustained on a single column called <strong>Tzadik<\/strong> (\u2018the fair\u2019)\u201d, reading linked to <strong>Prov 10:25<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contributions hal\u00e1jicas selected<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>in the literature tana\u00edta there are <strong>confusion recurring<\/strong> between \u201c<strong>Elazar<\/strong>\u201d and \u201c<strong>Eliezer<\/strong>\u201d (e.g., with <strong>Eliezer ben Hyrcanus<\/strong>). Sources scholars warn that this phenomenon; what follows is presented with that caution<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Guit\u00edn 9:4 \u2014 <em>\u2018Ed\u00e9i mesir\u00e1 kartei\u2019<\/em><\/strong>: Tradition which associates to <strong>Rabbi Elazar<\/strong> with the thesis that <strong>the witnesses of the delivery<\/strong> validate the document (e.g., the <em>get<\/em>), even if the document lacks signatures; a position of great weight in the right documents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kohanim and the liturgy:<\/strong> your condition <strong>koh\u00e9n<\/strong> appears in the framework of standards on <strong>Birkat Kohanim<\/strong> (Sotah 39a), and their practice staff (above) is cited as a model of <strong>reverence liturgical<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geography, travel, and attachment to the Land of Israel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A tradition relates that <strong>Elazar<\/strong> and <strong>Yochanan haSandlar<\/strong> embarked on the road to <strong>Nisibis<\/strong> (Mesopotamia) to study with <strong>Yehuda ben Betera<\/strong>; to reach <strong>Sidon<\/strong> returned, proclaiming: \u201c<strong>Living in Eretz Israel is the equivalent of all the mitzvot of the Torah<\/strong>\u201d. The story underscores its <strong>sionidad ritual<\/strong> and the value of living in the Land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Status between the Wise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sources am\u00f3ricas place it in the <strong>pantheon of reference<\/strong> the tana\u00edm late; some midrashim late arriving to include it in the <strong>Ten Martyrs<\/strong> era hadri\u00e1nica (list, which varies according to tradition).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where quoted<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mishnah \/ Tosefta \/ Midrashei Halachah:<\/strong> in numerous passages, often next to <strong>Meir<\/strong>, <strong>Shimon bar Yoj\u00e1i<\/strong> and <strong>Yochanan haSandlar<\/strong>. Several dictates were integrated in the Mishnah end.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pirkei Avot 4:12:<\/strong> maximum core ethic (text in Sefaria).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stories, reviews and ratings<\/strong> in <strong>Eruv\u00edn 53a<\/strong>, <strong>Ketubot 40a<\/strong>, <strong>Meguil\u00e1 27b<\/strong>, <strong>Sotah 39a<\/strong> (via abstracts academic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cGreat is the one who honors others, because the honor is the crown before God.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Profile doctrinal condensate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chain of transmission:<\/strong> direct link <strong>Akiva<\/strong> and paper bridge to <strong>Yehuda hanassi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethics of respect:<\/strong> prioritizes the <strong>kavod<\/strong> vertical and horizontal in the community of study (student\u2013colleague\u2013master\u2013Sky).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liturgy and worship:<\/strong> model <strong>awe<\/strong> in the synagogue, and the priestly blessing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Halachah of documents:<\/strong> associated with the rule of <strong>witnesses delivery<\/strong> as the core of evidence, with lasting impact on <em>Guit\u00edn<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attachment to Eretz Israel:<\/strong> idealized residence on earth as it is equivalent to the precepts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phrases and key sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cIt is the honor of your student so dear as yours...\u201d<\/strong> (Avot 4:12).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cTorah and acts of kindness<\/strong> protect them from the pain messianic\u201d (summary of Sanhedrin 98b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Three merits<\/strong> for longevity: <strong>do not tackle the synagogue<\/strong>, <strong>not to step on heads<\/strong>, <strong>do not raise hands without a blessing upon<\/strong> (Meguil\u00e1 27b; Sotah 39a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u201cThe study of the Torah, along with acts of kindness preserves the man of sorrows of the Messiah.\u201d<\/strong><br>(<em>Sanhedrin 98b<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To further investigate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Encyclopaedia Judaica<\/strong> (input \u201cEleazar ben Shammua\u201d) with notes on biography, corpora and problems of attribution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jewish Encyclopedia<\/strong> (Schechter &amp; Mendelsohn), a story of the sort clandestine, sayings and valuation america.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sefaria<\/strong>: Hebrew text and translations <strong>Avot 4:12<\/strong> and collections of primary sources on <strong>Rebbi Elazar b. Sham\u00faa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Synthesis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabbi <strong>Elazar ben Sham\u00faa<\/strong> emerges as <strong>pillar of continuity<\/strong> between the school of <strong>Akiva<\/strong> and the <strong>wording of the Mishnah<\/strong>with an ethic of respect that sorts the life of the study, a <strong>piety liturgical copy<\/strong> and a contribution halachic \u2014especially in <strong>documents and divorces<\/strong>\u2014 that marked the case-law rabbinic later. His figure combines <strong>legal authority<\/strong>, <strong>moral sensitivity<\/strong> and <strong>devotion to Eretz Israel<\/strong>, leaving an imprint that amora\u00edm recognized as <strong>exceptional<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u201cWhoever lives in the Land of Israel, but not to do more than walk by her, she fulfills a mitzvah which is equal to all others.\u201d<\/strong><br>(A tradition narrated in <em>Ketubot 110b<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rab\u00ed Elazar ben Sham\u00faa y la \u00e9tica del honor<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":844,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[509],"class_list":{"0":"post-843","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tanaitas","8":"tag-elazar-ben-shamua"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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