{"id":881,"date":"2025-10-29T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=881"},"modified":"2025-12-13T19:16:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T02:16:14","slug":"ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Who were the ebionites?"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe Messiah was not born of privilege, but of obedience.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Basic definition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>ebionites<\/strong> were a current <strong>judeo-christian<\/strong> in the first centuries, formed by jews who accepted Jesus as Messiah, but:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>They did not accept his divinity, nor his pre-existence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>They insisted on observing the Law of Moses<\/strong> (Torah) of strict form.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>They rejected Paul of Tarsus<\/strong> as an apostle legitimate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used a <strong>gospel in Hebrew or aramaic<\/strong> (a type of \u201cGospel of the Hebrews\u201d \/ \u201cof the ebionites\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Were considered heretical by the Church, which then would become dominant (the \u201cproto-orthodox\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The problem of sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Key point: <strong>we have not written ebionites complete<\/strong>. All that we know comes from his opponents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Irenaeus of Lyon<\/strong> (s. II)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Origins<\/strong> (s. III)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eusebius of Caesarea<\/strong> (s. IV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Epiphanius of Salamis<\/strong> (s. IV), in his <em>Panarion<\/em> (catalog of 80 \u201cheresies\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The information is filtered by an <strong>intention controversy<\/strong>: are described to refute them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is possible that several different groups have been <strong>put in the same bag<\/strong> under the label \u201cebionites\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Part of what is attributed to them can be <strong>cartoon or simplification<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern research (Klijn, Reinink, H\u00e4kkinen, Schoeps, etc) works on those sources patristicas, by comparing details and detecting contradictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe Law is the way, not a burden: the one who saves is life.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Name and meaning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Greek term <strong>\u1f18\u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 (Ebi\u014dna\u00eeoi)<\/strong> comes from the Hebrew <strong>\u05d0\u05b6\u05d1\u05b0\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd (\u2019ebyonim)<\/strong> = \u201cpoor\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For Origins, they were \u201cpoor people\u201d <strong>among the jews who had accepted Jesus<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some Parents invent a course founder called <strong>\u201cEbi\u00f3n\u201d<\/strong>but modern criticism agrees that <strong>that character will probably never existed<\/strong>; it is a misreading of the name collective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably the name was <strong>designation theological<\/strong>: \u201cthe poor of Yahweh\u201d, that is to say, a group of humble and faithful, in line with the beatitudes (\u201cblessed are the poor...\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Historical and geographical context<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 Origin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Arose in the bosom of the <strong>judaism of the Second Temple<\/strong> and <strong>early christianity a jewish<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Britannica and other sources place its origin <strong>in Palestine and Transjordan<\/strong>, possibly after the destruction of the Temple (70 ce.C.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some link with the <strong>community of Jerusalem<\/strong> led by <strong>James the Just<\/strong> (brother of Jesus) and the group that fled to <strong>Pella<\/strong> (in Transjordan) after the jewish war.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 Development and expansion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Parents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After 70, groups judeo-christian strict they would have remained faithful to the Law and completed separated from most gentilcristiana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the II\u2013III centuries they were located in:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Palestine and Transjordan<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Syria<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asia Minor<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cyprus<\/strong> (Epiphanius still located there in the fourth century).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe truth is held in justice, not in the force.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Main beliefs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 Monotheism and the Law of Moses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ebionites were <strong>strict monotheists<\/strong> (practicing jews) and argued:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obligation of the Law of Moses<\/strong> for all the followers of Jesus:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>circumcision,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saturday,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dietary laws (kashrut),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>calendar of jewish holidays.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Likely <strong>rejection of the pauline theology<\/strong> \u201cnot under the Law\u201d to the gentiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Some accounts (Epiphanius) describe them as <strong>ascetics<\/strong> with emphasis on ritual purifications and enforcement is very strict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 Christology: Jesus as a righteous man and Messiah<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All Parents agree on these main points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jesus is human<\/strong>; it is not God, is not pre-existent, there is no incarnation in the sense of nicene.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesus is a <strong>righteous man<\/strong> that perfectly fulfils the Law, and therefore <strong>God choose him as the Messiah<\/strong> (Christology adoptacionista or \u201cmoral\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the ebionites would have <strong>variants<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Most<\/strong>: Jesus is the biological son of Joseph and Mary; <strong>rejection of the virgin birth<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minority<\/strong>: accept the virgin birth, but even so <strong>do not attribute divine nature<\/strong>; see it as the Messiah is a human sent by God.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the stories (Epiphanius) suggest a vision, \u201cseparacionista\u201d: <strong>\u201cJesus\u201d and \u201cChrist\u201d would be different<\/strong>being \u201cChrist,\u201d an angel or spirit that descended on the man Jesus at the baptism, and then leaves before the passion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 Rejection of Paul<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Origen and Epiphanius claim that the ebionites believed to <strong>Paul apostate from the Law<\/strong>, a traitor to judaism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They did not accept the <strong>pauline epistles<\/strong> as the authority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Epiphanius transmits a legend ebionita: Paul would have been a <strong>gentle<\/strong> who converted to judaism in order to marry the daughter of a high priest; to be rejected, he would have broken with the Law and developed his theology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary: for them, <strong>the pauline church is diverted<\/strong>not the authentic tradition of Jesus and Jerusalem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4 Eschatology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They were expecting an <strong>Kingdom of God on earth<\/strong>linked to the restoration of Israel and the obedience to the Law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesus is the <strong>Messiah, the davidic human<\/strong> that opens or preparation of this Kingdom, but it is not the object of divine worship in the strict sense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe purity lies not in the sacrifices but in the conduct of the righteous.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Writings and sacred texts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 Scriptures that they accepted<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tanakh (Hebrew Bible)<\/strong> as Scripture fundamental.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>gospel in Hebrew or aramaic<\/strong>, which sources call:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cGospel of Matthew\u201d in the Hebrew version,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cGospel of the Hebrews\u201d,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>what modern criticism designates <strong>\u201cGospel of the ebionites\u201d<\/strong> although that name was not used in antiquity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 The so-called \u201cGospel of the ebionites\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>From the dating of Epiphanius:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was a <strong>gospel harmonized<\/strong> of the synoptics, probably <strong>composed in Greek<\/strong>but based on judeo-christian tradition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Suppresses the genealogy of Jesus<\/strong>emphasizing your choice by obedience rather than their lineage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Features <strong>John the Baptist and Jesus as a vegetarian<\/strong>by changing the text of \u201clobsters\u201d by \u201ccakes of honey\u201d in the diet of John.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of specialists are distinguished:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gospel of the Hebrews<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gospel of the Nazarenes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gospel of the ebionites<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Although there is debate about if they were originally one or more related texts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3 Literature<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A number of scholars relate it to the ebionites with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The works of pseudo-clementines (<em>Homilies clementines<\/em>, <em>Recognitions of Clement<\/em>):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Great emphasis on <strong>Santiago<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Image very critical of <strong>Paul<\/strong> (depicted in a figure pseud\u00f3nima).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defense <strong>Law<\/strong> and a christology low.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Book of Eljasai (Elcesai)<\/strong>a text apocalyptic jewish-christian used by sects like (Elquesaitas). Epiphanius argues that some ebionites also used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the exact relationship between these texts and the ebionites still subject to discussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWhoever abandons the Law deviates from the path of the prophets.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Community practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From the Parents (especially Epiphanius), are reconstructed several practices:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Enforcement jewish full<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>circumcision,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saturday,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>parties,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ritual purity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethics and lifestyle<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Image <strong>poverty voluntary<\/strong> and austere life (\u201cthe poor\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restriction of the <strong>food in common<\/strong> only the jews or proselytes fully observant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diet and sacrifices<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Several testimonies speak of <strong>vegetarianism<\/strong> and rejection of the <strong>animal sacrifices<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Celebration of a ritual meal with <strong>bread and water<\/strong>in contrast to the eucharist wine-bread mainstream christian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rites of purification<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consistent use of <strong>ritual washing<\/strong> (ablutions), possibly daily, in continuity with trends esenies or baptists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>All of this reinforces the image of a christianity <strong>very close to judaism, morally rigorous and communally closed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Relationship with other groups judeo-christian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The ebionites were not the only group judeo-christian:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nazarenes<\/strong>: also jewish followers of Jesus-keepers of the Law, but:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>accept more easily the <strong>narrative of the virgin birth<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>does not seem to have rejected so head on to Paul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Elquesaitas<\/strong>: sect judeo-christian with a revealed book (Eljasai), of which some ebionites may have borrowed elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other groups mentioned in the lists heresiol\u00f3gicas: <strong>Carpocratianos, Cerintianos, Sampsenos<\/strong>, etc, sometimes confused with ebionites by the ancient authors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The current research tends to think that the term \u201cebionites\u201d was used as <strong>label umbrella<\/strong> for several subgroups judeo-christian that they shared:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rejection of the christology high,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fidelity to the Law,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suspicion or rejection of Paul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe do not seek glory, but fidelity: that's why we are called \u2018the poor\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. James the Just, and the apostolic succession<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several data suggest that the ebionites saw <strong>James the Just<\/strong> (James the brother of Jesus):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the true <strong>leader of the Jerusalem church<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the model of the \u201cjust perfect\u201d (tzadik),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <strong>successor legitimate of Jesus<\/strong>more than Peter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Works pseudo-clementines, and modern reconstructions (Eisenman, Tabor, Painter, etc) are used to hold a <strong>continuity between the community of st. James and the ebionites<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Historical evolution and disappearance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.1 Until late Antiquity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Epiphanius (fourth century) still speaks of <strong>ebionites on Cyprus and regions of the east<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Theodoret of Cyrus (s. V) referred to as groups almost extinct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In general, it is considered that as a visible movement <strong>dissolve between the fourth and fifth centuries<\/strong>, absorbed or marginalized by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the <strong>christianity of constantine<\/strong> already dominant in the Empire,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <strong>rabbinical judaism<\/strong>, which also rejected Jesus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.2 Possible survivals later<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some evidence questionable but interesting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The muslim philosopher <strong>al-Shahrastani<\/strong> (s. XII), he speaks of the jews in <strong>Hijaz and Medina<\/strong> they accepted Jesus as a prophet, but were still practicing judaism, rejecting the christology, christian; some of the identified tentatively with heirs ebionites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The traveler jewish <strong>Benjamin of Tudela<\/strong> (s. XII) mentions communities peculiar in Tayma and other city of Arabia that some have wanted to relate with the current judeo-christian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Are hypotheses, not certainties. The majority of specialists consider that the <strong>ebionismo organized disappeared as such<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cGod chooses the righteous by their works, not because of his lineage.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Ebionites and Islam (possible influence)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some scholars have proposed that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The image of Jesus in the <strong>Islam<\/strong> (prophet human, not divine, not crucified actually in some stories) reflects at least in part <strong>contacts with current judeo-christian<\/strong> type ebionita or nazarene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There is No direct evidence of a <strong>historical line continuous<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is more prudent to speak of <strong>common environment monotheistic<\/strong> in the middle East, where there was:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rabbinical judaism,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>current judeo-christian,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>christianity imperial,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>preaching early islamic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u201cEbionismo\u201d in the modern use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Today the term <strong>\u201cebionismo\u201d<\/strong> it is used sometimes in a theological to designate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>any current christian:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>insists on the <strong>humanity of Jesus<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>minimizes or denies his divinity ontological,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>places strong emphasis on the <strong>Law<\/strong> or in ethics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>But that does not imply continuity of the actual historical with the ebionites old; it is <strong>analogy doctrinal<\/strong>nothing more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Main academic debates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.1 what A group or several?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What existed \u201cthe ebionites\u201d as <strong>coherent group<\/strong>, or is a sign to controversial on multiple sects?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The variety of doctrines that Parents attribute (for example, about the virgin birth) suggests <strong>subcorrientes internal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.2 Reliability of the Fathers of the Church<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Irenaeus, Origen, Epiphanius described the ebionites-to <strong>to combat them<\/strong>, not to understand them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some traits could be <strong>exaggerations<\/strong> or <strong>projections<\/strong> (for example, vegetarianism total of John and Jesus).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modern criticism is dedicated to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>compare versions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>detect contradictions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>to separate what seems to <strong>historical data<\/strong> from what it sounds like <strong>rhetoric antiher\u00e9tica<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.3 Continuity with the church of Jerusalem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An important line of research suggests that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the church of Jerusalem (James, Peter, John) was originally <strong>very close to what was later called ebionismo<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the christianity that becomes dominant is basically the <strong>christianity pauline<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the ebionites would be the <strong>heirs of the line of Jerusalem<\/strong> defeated in the history of the Church.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is No absolute consensus, but the idea of a <strong>\u201chistoric defeat\u201d of the judeo-christianism<\/strong> in front of the christianity gentile is very influential in the historiography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe Messiah is the perfect man who meets the perfect will.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. The essential<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For a complete overview of the topic, these are the key points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Identity<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Group <strong>judeo-christian<\/strong> the centuries I\u2013IV (and perhaps remains later).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jews who accept Jesus as the Messiah, but <strong>not as a God<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doctrine<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strict monotheism; <strong>there is no Trinity and incarnation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesus: <strong>righteous man<\/strong> chosen by God, christology adoptacionista.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Law of Moses<\/strong> it is mandatory for all the followers of Jesus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rejection of Paul<\/strong> and his letters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Texts<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tanakh as a basis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use of a <strong>gospel Hebrew\/judeo-christian<\/strong> (today called \u201cGospel of the ebionites\u201d or \u201cHebrews\u201d), other than the canonical gospels greeks as we know it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Practices<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enforcement jewish strict: circumcision, the sabbath, purity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trends <strong>ascetic<\/strong> and possibly <strong>vegetarian<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rejection of animal sacrifices after the destruction of the Temple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>History<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Probable origin at the end of the s. I, around Palestine and Transjordan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testimonies to the fourth and fifth centuries, especially in the East.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disappearance as a visible movement; may eco in marginal communities and in the context surrounding the rise of Islam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sources and criticism<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Only we know by <strong>hostile sources<\/strong> (Fathers of the Church).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Important part of what is said on them is <strong>reconstruction conjectural<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modern research sees them as a key piece to understand the <strong>early christianity, non-pauline<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ebionitas: judeocristianos, Ley y Jes\u00fas humano<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[527],"class_list":{"0":"post-881","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-qumran","8":"tag-ebionitas"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ebionitas: judeocristianos, Ley y Jes\u00fas humano - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qui\u00e9nes fueron los ebionitas: judeocristianos que aceptaron a Jes\u00fas como Mes\u00edas humano, observaron la Tor\u00e1 y rechazaron a Pablo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ebionitas: judeocristianos, Ley y Jes\u00fas humano - La Mishn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qui\u00e9nes fueron los ebionitas: judeocristianos que aceptaron a Jes\u00fas como Mes\u00edas humano, observaron la Tor\u00e1 y rechazaron a Pablo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La Mishn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lamishnatv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-29T11:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-14T02:16:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-12-nov-2025-07_20_47-p.m.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Abel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@LaMishnaTV\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@LaMishnaTV\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/816776c7e2f4eb6d64c4d19f1dfc2a02\"},\"headline\":\"\u00bfQui\u00e9nes fueron los ebionitas?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-29T11:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-14T02:16:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2228,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/ebionitas-judeocristianismo-cristologia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lamishna.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/ChatGPT-Image-12-nov-2025-07_20_47-p.m.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Ebionitas\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Qumran &amp; 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