{"id":912,"date":"2025-11-15T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=912"},"modified":"2025-12-11T19:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T02:22:12","slug":"evangelio-de-los-egipcios-apocrifo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/evangelio-de-los-egipcios-apocrifo\/","title":{"rendered":"The Gospel of the Egyptians: Behind the veil of the great invisible spirit"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWho knows their origin, it ceases to be a slave to the world that it's hidden.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. What is an \u201capocryphal gospel\u201d and where it fits the egyptians<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In biblical criticism, is called <strong>apocryphal gospels<\/strong> writings on Jesus and early christianity <strong>not included in the canon<\/strong> of the New Testament, it is almost always because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Not from apostolic witness credible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They contain doctrines incompatible with what was defined as \u201corthodoxy.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Circulate in marginal groups: <strong>gnostics, encratitas, local sects, etc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Gospels of the egyptians<\/strong> included in this set: texts used by currents <strong>ascetic and gnostic<\/strong>which the Fathers of the Church cited <strong>only to refute them<\/strong>, never as Writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The Greek Gospel of the egyptians<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. Status of the text and fonts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This gospel is <strong>lost<\/strong>: we do not have manuscript continued. What we know for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Clement of Alexandria<\/strong> (Stromata III, and the Excerpta ex Theodoto).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mentions brief <strong>Hippolytus of Rome<\/strong> and <strong>Epiphanius of Salamis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A general reference on <strong>Origins<\/strong> among other apocryphal books.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>From these quotations it reconstructs a partial profile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Probable date: <strong>120-150 d.C.<\/strong>, first half of century II.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Place of origin: almost certainly <strong>Egypt<\/strong>probably <strong>Alexandria<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Original language: <strong>Greek<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genre: <strong>dialog<\/strong> of Jesus with <strong>Salome<\/strong>in the form of <strong>questions and answers<\/strong> (er\u014dtap\u00f3krisis), something very typical of the literature gnostic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. Content reconstruible<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Only a few fragments are cited explicitly by Clement. From them it looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jesus converses with <strong>Salome<\/strong> about:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Marriage<\/strong>sexuality and procreation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>\u201cdissolution\u201d of the world<\/strong> and the end of the generation of flesh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One of the passages most often cited: the Savior declares that he has come to <strong>\u201cdestroy the works of the female\u201d<\/strong>expression Clement interprets as a reference to the <strong>lust and procreation carnal<\/strong>not to the woman as such.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It underscores the idea that the <strong>cycle of birth\u2013death<\/strong> it is linked to the <strong>sexual activity and the generation<\/strong>that they should cease to the end of the domain of the corruption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary: it is a gospel-centered <strong>such ascetic and mystical of Jesus<\/strong>, read by their users as a <strong>justification of the rejection of the marriage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. Theological trend: encratismo and gnosticism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost all studies agree that this gospel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was used by groups <strong>encratitas<\/strong> (of <em>enkrateia<\/em>, \u201ccontinence\u201d), that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Condemning the marriage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They rejected the consumption of meat and wine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practiced a <strong>asceticism and sexual radical<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some ancient authors linked also to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Naasenos<\/strong> (group a gnostic who worshipped the snake as a symbol of knowledge).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sabellians<\/strong> (current modalista of the trinity).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Valentinians<\/strong> (although this is more controversial).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe one who discovers the Great Invisible Spirit, it ceases to belong to the powers of the earth.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The doctrine that is left to see:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Radical denial of sexuality<\/strong> as \u201cthe work of the female\u201d, that is to say, the lust and the generation of biodiversity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ideal of a <strong>humanity without marriage or procreation<\/strong>, where the cessation of the cycle of death.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Features <strong>gnostics<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Material world and the body linked to corruption and suffering.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Salvation as <strong>escape from the cycle of birth and death<\/strong> through knowledge (gnosis) and ascetic practice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4. Reception patristic and \u201cheresy\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For the Fathers of the Church:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This gospel is quoted <strong>only for refuting it<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clement is facing the encratitas who use it as an argument against marriage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Epiphanius associates groups \u201cheretics\u201d that distort the christology and moral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Never appears in lists of canonical; on the contrary, he is mentioned among the <strong>apocryphal books suspicious or heretical<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>That's why, in the later tradition, the <strong>Greek gospel of the egyptians<\/strong> it is classified clearly as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apocryphal gospel of the century II<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Of <strong>trend gnostic\u2013encratita<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lost<\/strong>except for fragments patristic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. The Gospel the coptic egyptians: \u201cthe holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. Discovery and manuscripts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The second text known as the \u201cgospel of the egyptians\u201d is in reality:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>The \u201choly Book of the Great Invisible Spirit\u201d<\/strong>, also called conventional way <strong>Gospel the coptic egyptians<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Key features:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Found in the <strong>Nag Hammadi library<\/strong> (Egypt) in 1945.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preserved in <strong>two copies coptic<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Codex III, treaty 2<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Codex IV, treaty 2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Original title in the text itself: something like <strong>\u201cThe holy book of the Great Invisible Spirit\u201d<\/strong>; the expression \u201cGospel of the egyptians\u201d appears in the colophon and is the one that gave rise to the title of conventional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Language: <strong>coptic sah\u00eddico<\/strong> (translation of a Greek original now lost).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approximate date: <strong>mid-century III<\/strong> (original Greek maybe the end of the second century or the beginning of III).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. Context is doctrinal: gnosticism sethiano<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This gospel belongs to the current <strong>gnostic sethiana<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sethianos: current gnostic who saw in <strong>Set<\/strong>the son of Adam, the <strong>progenitor of the \u201crace incorruptible\u201d<\/strong>opposed to the material world and its powers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other texts sethianos in Nag Hammadi: <strong>Apocryphon of John, Hypostasis of the Archons, Three steles of Seth<\/strong>, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This gospel reflects a mythology <strong>highly developed<\/strong>, with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eons<\/strong>, <strong>aeons of light<\/strong>, hierarchies of divine beings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A dualism marked between <strong>fullness divine<\/strong> and <strong>material world<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A strong emphasis on <strong>Seth and his spiritual offspring<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. Content outline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In short a lot, the <strong>The holy book of the Great Invisible Spirit<\/strong> presents something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prologue and doxology<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Invoked when <strong>Great Invisible Spirit<\/strong>, the <strong>Father transcendent unknowable<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exalt your greatness beyond all name.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emanation of the triad divine<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Great Spirit arise three chief powers:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Father<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mother<\/strong> (sometimes identified with Barbelo, or with a female principle),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Son<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This triad reflects a <strong>trinitarian structure gnostic<\/strong>not identical to the Trinity orthodox christian, but in dialogue with it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Creation of the eons and the Man incorruptible<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Great Spirit, and of the triad emanate <strong>eons of light<\/strong> (Harmozel, Oroiael, Daveithai, Eleleth, etc).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through the Logos, and other powers to create the <strong>Man incorruptible, Adamas<\/strong>, spiritual model of the human being.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Birth of Seth, and the \u201crace incorruptible\u201d<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Son and the powers divine ask a descendant, and he is born <strong>Seth<\/strong>presented as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Son of Man incorruptible<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Head of the <strong>\u201crace of eternal life\u201d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The sethianos saw themselves as <strong>spiritual offspring of Seth<\/strong>, carriers of the gnosis saving.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liturgy and baptism gnostic<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The text includes <strong>hymns, litanies, and liturgical formulas<\/strong>with a long series of names and angelic voices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describes a <strong>baptism<\/strong> or rite of passage, where they are invoked <strong>secret names<\/strong> to join the Great Spirit and the race is imperishable. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eschatology and colophon<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The text announces that these disclosures are for the <strong>end of time<\/strong> and that have been placed on a mount hidden to be discovered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The colophon attached the book to the <strong>great Seth<\/strong>, and explicitly calls \u201c<strong>The holy book of the Great Invisible Spirit<\/strong>\u201d and \u201cGospel of the egyptians\u201d. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4. Features doctrinal key<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, the gospel the coptic egyptians teaches:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A supreme God, <strong>absolutely transcendent and invisible<\/strong>above the creator God of the material world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The material world, and their powers are the work of lower entities (typical gnostic scheme).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>salvation<\/strong> consists of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Remember the divine origin<\/strong> (the race of Seth).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To receive the <strong>gnosis<\/strong> and <strong>rites<\/strong> linking with the Great Invisible Spirit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a <strong>spiritual elite<\/strong> (race incorruptible) intended to be rescued from the world and returned to the fullness of the divine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This gospel <strong>it is not a narrative<\/strong> as the canonical, but it is rather <strong>\u2013mythological liturgical<\/strong>, a treatise on cosmology and cult gnostic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWhen you leave the work of the generation, start the work of the eternal life.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Differences between the Gospel Greek and coptic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is essential not to confuse them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Appearance<\/th><th>Greek gospel of the egyptians<\/th><th>Gospel the coptic egyptians (the holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Original language<\/td><td>Greek<\/td><td>Likely Greek, preserved in coptic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status text<\/td><td>Just lost fragments in Clement and other Parents<\/td><td>Preserved almost completely in two copies of Nag Hammadi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Date<\/td><td>c. 120-150 d.C.<\/td><td>Original late s. II\u2013III; copies coptic s. IV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Dialogue Jesus\u2013Salom\u00e9 on marriage and sexuality<\/td><td>Myth cosmological sethiano, liturgy and baptism gnostic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trend<\/td><td>Encratita, asceticism, radical, traits gnostics<\/td><td>Gnosticism sethiano fully developed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Use<\/td><td>Encratitas and other groups \u201cheretical\u201d<\/td><td>Community gnostic egyptian, probably sethiana<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Relationship with the canonical gospels and the canon of the NT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>None of the two \u201cgospels of the egyptians\u201d was accepted in the <strong>canon of the New Testament<\/strong> because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Authorship<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Not been accused credibly to an apostle or co-apostolic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Considered products in late of private schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doctrine<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Greek gospel denied de facto the <strong>marriage and sex life<\/strong>in tension with the more nuanced view of Paul and the canonical gospels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The gospel coptic presents a <strong>dualist cosmology<\/strong> where the God of creation is not the supreme, colliding with the theology of monotheistic mainstream christian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ecclesial reception<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Parents who know what they quote <strong>explicitly as apocryphal or heretical<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lists of the canonical old (Laodicea, etc) are not included among the books read in the churches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Importance of historical and theological today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though they are not canonical to the modern research these texts are crucial:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Show the diversity of early christianity<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Greek of the egyptians illustrated the <strong>movement encratita<\/strong>, which pushes to the extreme the ideal of continence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The coptic reveals a <strong>christianized version of gnosticism sethiano<\/strong>, where biblical categories are mixed with cosmology platonic mythology and mysticism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Illuminate debates about sexuality and body<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The dialogue with Salome is key to tracing how certain groups were read by Jesus as <strong>absolute enemy of sexuality and the generation<\/strong>front interpretations more integrated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Help to understand the reaction of the \u201cgreat Church\u201d<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The controversy of Clement and the other Parents on how it was marking the boundary between <strong>\u201corthodoxy\u201d and \u201cgnosis heretical\u201d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key to study Nag Hammadi<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit is an important piece to rebuild the <strong>theology and liturgy sethiana<\/strong> and their integration in christianity egyptian of the III\u2013IV century.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Synthesis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To keep the map clear of the <strong>Gospel of the egyptians<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>It is not a single text<\/strong> but <strong>two<\/strong>:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Greek<\/strong> (s. II, lost):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dialogue Jesus\u2013Salom\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apocryphal gospel <strong>encratita<\/strong>, enemy of marriage, with the features of the gnostics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Known only by quotations from Clement, Hippolytus, Epiphanius, Origen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coptic<\/strong> (Nag Hammadi, s. III\u2013IV):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Really <strong>\u201cThe holy book of the Great Invisible Spirit\u201d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Text <strong>gnostic sethiano<\/strong>: Great Invisible Spirit, eons, Adams, Seth, and the \u201crace incorruptible\u201d, liturgy of baptism gnostic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preserved in two manuscripts of Nag Hammadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both are considered <strong>apocryphal and heretical<\/strong> through the tradition of the christian majority and <strong>not form part of the New Testament<\/strong>but today, are the sources of the first order to understand:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>pluralism doctrinal<\/strong> the christianity of the II\u2013III centuries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>evolution of the biblical canon<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tensions over the <strong>body, sexuality, cosmology and salvation<\/strong> in christian Antiquity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evangelio de los Egipcios: ap\u00f3crifo, gnosis y canon<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[549],"class_list":{"0":"post-912","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-protocristianismo","8":"tag-el-evangelio-de-los-egipcios"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evangelio de los Egipcios: ap\u00f3crifo, gnosis y canon - La Mishn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e9 es el Evangelio de los Egipcios: texto ap\u00f3crifo griego perdido y evangelio copto gn\u00f3stico de Nag Hammadi. 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