{"id":985,"date":"2025-09-10T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/?p=985"},"modified":"2025-12-23T15:15:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T22:15:48","slug":"fariseos-judaismo-segundo-templo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamishna.com\/en\/fariseos-judaismo-segundo-templo\/","title":{"rendered":"Who were the Pharisees in the time of the second Temple?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201cWhat is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor. That is the whole Torah; the rest is commentary.\u201d<\/strong>
(Shabbat 31a<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. Background: judaism of the Second Temple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Period: since the rebuilding of the Temple (ca. 516 a. Bc) until its destruction by Rome in 70 ce. C.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Main features:\n
      \n
    • The absence of monarchy davidita; power in the hands of priests<\/strong> and, later, of dynasties such as the asmoneos<\/strong> and herodian<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Judaism plural<\/strong>: pharisees, sadducees, essenes, groups apocalyptic, \u201ccommon people\u201d (\u02bfam ha-aretz), later zealots, etc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Center of worship: the Temple of Jerusalem<\/strong>but at the same time grow the synagogues<\/strong>the prayer and the study of the Torah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      In this landscape appear the pharisees as one of the two great currents popular, along with the sadducees (more aristocratic).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      2. Name and etymology of \u201cpharisees\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • In Hebrew\/aramaico: perushim \/ perishaya<\/strong> (\u05e4\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05dd), which means \u201cseparated\u201d<\/strong> or \u201cparagraphs\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u201cSeparated\u201d in various senses as possible:\n
          \n
        • Separated from the population ritually neglected (\u02bfam ha-aretz).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Separate influences of hellenistic or pagan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Separated from the elite priestly saducea, in the political-religious.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          In Greek, the sources (Gospels, Josephus) call \u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 (Pharisaioi), transcription of the term semitic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n

          3. Historical sources on the pharisees<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          What we know of them comes from four broad types of sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. Flavius Josephus<\/strong> (s. I. d. C.):\n
              \n
            • Jewish antiquities<\/em> and Jewish war<\/em> describe the pharisees, sadducees and essenes as \u201cthree philosophies\u201d<\/strong> of judaism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • New Testament<\/strong>:\n
                \n
              • Especially the Gospels and Acts, where the pharisees appear in dispute hal\u00e1jicas with Jesus and Paul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Rabbinic literature<\/strong>:\n
                  \n
                • Mishnah (ca. 200 d. C.) and Talmud preserved traditions of wise men, in their majority, they continue the line farisea, although no longer used by both the labels \u201cpharisee \/ sadducean cultured\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Texts of Judaism from the Desert (Qumran)<\/strong>:\n
                    \n
                  • The essenes (or the group of Qumran) polemizan against those who probably include pharisees and priests of Jerusalem, although without naming them always in a direct way.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    All of these fonts are partial<\/strong> and often contentious, so there's that contrast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n\n\n\n

                    4. Historical origin of the pharisees<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    4.1. Background<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • After the exile in Babylon and the return under the persians, the power is vested in the priesthood<\/strong> and the scribes, experts in the Torah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • In hellenistic times (domain of the seleucids), there is a group of \u201cpious\u201d (chasidim<\/strong>), and supports the resistance against the impositions pagan antecedent likely of the pharisees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      4.2. Emergence in the era asmonea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Century II. C.<\/strong>: with the dynasty asmonea (Maccabees), the priests of this family take political and religious power<\/strong> (high priesthood + royalty).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • The pharisees emerged as a group of wise men, and scribes<\/strong> that:\n
                          \n
                        • Do not accept without more control priestly\/real-asmoneos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Defend an interpretation more \u201cdemocratized\u201d of the Torah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Josephus mentions for the first time to the pharisees under the government of Jonathan<\/strong> and then John Hyrcanus<\/strong> (mid s. II. C.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          4.3. Conflicts with the kings asmoneos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • With John Hyrcanus<\/strong> and, above all, with Alexander Jannaeus<\/strong>, the tension breaks out:\n
                              \n
                            • A pharisee named Eleazar question the legitimacy priestly of Hyrcanus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Alexander Jannaeus is allied with the sadducees and aims violently<\/strong> the pharisees (accounts of crucifixions mass in Josephus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • After the death of Alexander Jannaeus, his widow Salome Alexandra<\/strong> rules (76-67 to. C.) and favors the pharisees, that they dominate the Sanhedrin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              In summary: born as a current scholars<\/strong> tied to the people, in tension with the elite priestly and with the power asmoneo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n

                              \u201cIf I am not for myself, who will be for me? And if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?\u201d<\/strong>
                              (Avot 1:14<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                              \n\n\n\n

                              5. Social Base and organization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                              5.1. Social Base<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • The pharisees were a sect lowercase; in the sources appear as very popular<\/strong>:\n
                                  \n
                                • Linked to scribes, teachers of the Law, rabbis in germ<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Supported by sectors, media and popular<\/strong>: artisans, farmers, merchants, in contrast with the elite priestly saducea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  5.2. Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • They were not a church with a hierarchy rigid, but a network of scholars and disciples<\/strong>:\n
                                      \n
                                    • Central figures: pairs (zugot)<\/strong> of the wise men of previous generations to 70 d. C., as Hillel and Shamai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • They are organized in study circles<\/strong> and brotherhood of purity<\/strong> (chaverim), with strict rules on what to eat, who to eat, how to tithing, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      5.3. Role in the community<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                      • Worked like:\n
                                          \n
                                        • Interpreters of the Torah<\/strong> for the people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Judges and authorities hal\u00e1jicas<\/strong> in everyday matters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Educators<\/strong> synagogues and houses of study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                          \n\n\n\n

                                          6. The central doctrine: written Torah and oral Torah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                          The distinctive feature key:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n

                                          They believed that next to the Written torah<\/strong> (the five books of Moses) there is a Oral torah<\/strong>, interpretative tradition given also to Moses by God and transmitted by sages.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                                          6.1. Oral torah<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                            \n
                                          • This oral tradition:\n
                                              \n
                                            • Explains how to apply the commandments in specific situations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • Set \u201cfences around the Torah<\/strong>\u201d (gezerot) to avoid transgressions involuntary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • Regulates aspects of daily life: food, purity, Shabbat, marriage, agriculture, tithes, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • Later, the oral Torah will be encoded<\/strong> in the Mishnah that was developed in the Talmud (rabbinic judaism).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                              6.2. Purity in everyday life<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                              • While the Law of Moses linked to many standards of purity Temple<\/strong>the pharisees taught that:\n
                                                  \n
                                                • The table of home<\/strong> it resembles the altar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • You have to observe standards of purity even when eating food common (not only sacrifices).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • There is that tithing with rigor and separate portions to the priests and levites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  This stretched the \u201cpriestly\u201d to all the people<\/strong>one of the big changes that survive to the Temple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n\n\n\n

                                                  7. Other faiths features<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                  7.1. Providence and human freedom<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • Unlike the sadducees (more \u201crationalist\u201d), the pharisees said:\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • The divine providence<\/strong> that governs history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • But also a certain free will<\/strong> human: God directs the ensemble, the man is responsible for his actions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                      7.2. Resurrection and future life<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • The pharisees believed in:\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • Resurrection of the dead<\/strong> at the end of time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • Reward and punishment post-mortem<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • Existence of angels and spirits<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • The sadducees, however, denied the resurrection, angels, and immortal soul, according to the christian sources and Josephus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                          7.3. Synagogue, prayer and study<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • They give huge importance to:\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • Synagogues<\/strong> as places of Torah reading and teaching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • The regular prayer<\/strong> (not only sacrifices in the Temple).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • The study of the Law<\/strong> as the supreme form of worship.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                              After 70 d. C., these elements will be the center of judaism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              \n

                                                              \u201cIf you have a plant in your hand and tell you that Messiah comes, floor first floor, and then go to meet him.\u201d<\/strong>
                                                              (Avot of Rabbi Natan 31b<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                                                              \n\n\n\n

                                                              8. Pharisees in the political history of the Second Temple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                              8.1. The asmoneos to Rome<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • With Salome Alexandra, the pharisees reach maximum influence policy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • When erupts Rome (Pompey, 63. C.), the pharisees seem to be:\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • See the roman intervention as a punishment for the corruption asmonea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                • Seek to maintain the Torah more than political independence at any price.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  8.2. Under Herod and his successors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • Herod the Great<\/strong> it relies more on the elite saducea, but respects in part to the influence of popular farisea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • The pharisees continue to be:\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • Very influential in the people<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • Present in the Sanhedrin and in the religious life everyday.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      8.3. Attitude to the riots<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • In the First jewish War<\/strong> (66-70 d. C.), the attitude farisea was nuanced:\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • Some scholars seem to have supported the principle of resistance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                        • Others, such as the traditions about Yohanan ben Zakkai<\/strong>prioritise to preserve the Torah and teaching<\/strong> above the fight suicide against Rome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          They were not a monolithic block, but in general they were less identified with the violent extremism that the zealots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          \n\n\n\n

                                                                          9. Relationship with other jewish groups<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          9.1. Pharisees and sadducees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • Doctrinal differences:\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            • Oral torah<\/strong>: accepted by the pharisees, rejected by the sadducees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • Resurrection and angels<\/strong>: asserted by the pharisees, denied by the sadducees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • Purity<\/strong>: pharisees extend standards of purity to the field everyday; sadducees focus on the Temple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • Social differences:\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              • Sadducees: elite priestly aristocracy, allies to power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • Pharisees: scholars, scribes, and more link with the masses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                9.2. Pharisees and essenes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • The essenes (among them the group of Qumran) critical:\n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • The corruption of the Temple.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • The official authorities (priests, possibly including pharisees).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • They opt for a radical separation<\/strong> in communities of their own in the wilderness; the pharisees, in contrast, remain in the midst of the people and of the Temple, seeking to reform it from within.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    9.3. Pharisees and zealots<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • The zealots<\/strong> they were a movement nationalist-revolutionary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • The pharisees, though they could be critical of Rome, is defined primarily by:\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • Observance of the Law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • Religious life and legal, not political violence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • After the disaster of the ' 70s, the line farisea (which ends in the rabinismo) is imposed on the logic of rebellion constant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                        \n\n\n\n

                                                                                        10. Pharisees, Jesus and early christianity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Although your primary focus is historical, this is key because many images of the pharisees comes from the Gospels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        10.1. In the Gospels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • To appear in:\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • Disputes Shabbat<\/strong>, purity, food, fasting, contact with sinners, etc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          • Disputes over the interpretation of the Law and the \u201ctraditions of the elders\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          • They are often presented as the opponents of Jesus<\/strong>criticised for hypocrisy and legalism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            10.2. Historical overtones<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • Many scholars underline that:\n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • Jesus and his disciples share with the pharisees of the faith in the resurrection<\/strong> and the authority of the Law<\/strong> (although interpreted differently).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • The polemics of the Gospels reflect also the tensions later<\/strong> among christian communities and judaism pharisaic\/rabbinic, written after 70.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                10.3. Paul as a pharisee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • The apostle Paul described himself as pharisee<\/strong> (Phil 3,5; Acts 23,6).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • This indicates:\n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  • The self-righteousness was a training framework important even within the early christianity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • The border between pharisaism and christianity, in the beginning, it was a dispute intra-jewish<\/strong>not a total rupture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    \n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    11. Of pharisees to rabbinical judaism after 70 d. C.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    The destruction of the Temple, that changes everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    11.1. Disappearance of other currents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    • After the 70:\n
                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • The sadducees<\/strong> left without a Temple and disappear.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • The essenes<\/strong> they also seem to become extinct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • The zealots were crushed militarily.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • Are two<\/strong> large currents beans:\n
                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        • The judaism pharisaic\/rabbinic<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        • The christians<\/strong> (initially a jewish group, then each time more gentle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          11.2. Yavne and the reorganization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          • Tradition: rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai<\/strong> escapes from Jerusalem during the siege, and obtained from the romans for permission to found a school in Yavne (Jamnia)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • There is reconstituted by the Sanhedrin<\/strong> under the leadership of the wise guidance farisea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • It redefines judaism without a Temple:\n
                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • Sacrifices \u2192 prayer<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            • Pilgrimages \u2192 life sinagogal local.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            • Tithes and offerings \u2192 charity<\/strong> and support to teachers and poor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            • This process arises the rabbinical judaism<\/strong>, direct heir of the line farisea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              11.3. Change of name<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • The term \u201cpharisees\u201d<\/strong> almost disappears from the rabbinic literature later.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                              • In their place are listed:\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                • Tana\u00edtas and amora\u00edtas<\/strong>, \u201crabbis\u201d, \u201cwise\u201d (jajamim).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                • But historical studies show a continuity of the doctrinal and social<\/strong> clear between the pharisees and the early rabbis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  In summary: self-righteousness is the seed<\/strong> rabbinical judaism classic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  \n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  12. Internal image and self-criticism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  The rabbinic literature preserves:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  • Great respect to the learned pharisees (Hillel, Shamai, Gamaliel, etc).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                  • But also self-criticism<\/strong>:\n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    • Texts that speak of \u201cpharisees, hypocrites\u201d or \u201cpharisees by interest\u201d, showing that within the movement itself is recognized deviations are possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                    • This contrasts with the cartoon purely negative, showing a reality more complex and nuanced<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                      \n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      13. The essential thing you must withhold on the pharisees<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      In summary, to have a complete picture:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      1. Time and place<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        • Jewish movement of the Second Temple<\/strong> (s. II. C. \u2013 s. I d. C.), very influential in Judea under asmoneos and romans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                        • Core identity<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • Wise men, and scribes<\/strong> linked to the people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                          • Advocates of a Oral torah<\/strong> along with the written Torah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                          • Promoters of a piety which penetrates the daily life<\/strong> (mesa, trade, agriculture, family).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                          • Key doctrine<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            • Oral torah as authoritative interpretation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • Resurrection<\/strong>, angels, afterlife.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • Balance between divine providence<\/strong> and human responsibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • Religious practice<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                              • Emphasis on purity daily<\/strong>, tithes, Sabbaths, festivals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                              • Centrality of synagogue, prayer and study<\/strong>, which will replace the Temple after 70.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                              • Relations with other groups<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                • In tension with the sadducees<\/strong> (elite priestly without the oral Torah or resurrection).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • Different essenes (which is physically separate) and zealots (who opted for armed struggle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • Relation with early christianity<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  • Partners and opponents of Jesus in the Gospels, but at the same time very close to them in theological framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                  • Paul is formed as pharisee<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                  • Historical legacy<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    • After the destruction of the Temple, the self-righteousness evolves into the rabbinical judaism<\/strong>, which is still the main form of judaism today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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